exam 2

Question 1

Which absorbed nutrients leave the small bowel by way of the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

larger fats and fat soluble vitamins

Question 2

The small intestine is a key site of digestion. One further characteristic of the intestinal cells is:

Answer 2

areas of specialization in absorbing specific nutrients

Question 3

Which food component passes through the small bowel with minimal digestion or absorption?

Answer 3

fiber

Question 4

In what ways can the types of food that are regularly eaten beneficially affect the health of the difestive system (GI tract)?

Answer 4

Prebiotics and probitotics promote beneficial flora of the gut biome

Question 5

The process by which food is broken down into absorbable units is:

Answer 5

digestion

Question 6

If the villi of the small bowel are damaged by illness or surgery, the most likely result would be:

Answer 6

decreased absorption of vitamins and minerals

Question 7

Food can move through the GI tract at a controlled pace due to the :

Answer 7

sphincters muscles that contract and relax

Question 8

An example of homeostasis in the GI tract is the secretion of bicarbonate by the pancreas when:

Answer 8

secretin responds to the presence of acidic chyme

Question 9

When the gallbladder has been removed, a potential consequence isL

Answer 9

poorly emulsified fats/lipids

Question 10

For effective digestion of nutrients, circular muscles pinch or contract and promote contact of the nutrients with the intestinal cells, in a process called:

Answer 10

segmentation

Question 11

Important roles of hydrochloric acid (HCL) in the stomach include all of the following except:

Answer 11

digestion of carbohydrates

Question 12

One significant function of the large intestine (colon) is:

Answer 12

absorption of water and fluids

Question 13

Dr. J.O. is a public health official in a developing country. She has noticed that children with nutrient poor, limited diets have a higher death rate from measles and infections. What nutrient(s), provided as food or supplements, would improve the health outcomes?

Answer 13

vitamin A

Question 14

Muscle weakness and irregular heart beat might occur if the blood level of this mineral is excessive or deficient:

Answer 14

potassium

Question 15

The most likely change in nutrient content as a result of processing of food is:

Answer 15

increase in sodium; decrease in potassium

Question 16

If blood pressure tends to increase in response to a high salt diet it is known as: When this condition is present, the recommendation is to lower sodium intake to this level:

Answer 16

salt sensetivity/ 1500 mg

Question 17

The role of chloride in the stomach is to help:

Answer 17

maintain the low pH as part of hydrochloric acid

Question 18

Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance relies primarily on:

Answer 18

normal kidney function

Question 19

The greatest amount of body water is found in this compartment:

Answer 19

Within the cells- intracellular (ICF)

Question 20

Calcium balance is dependent on these three organ systems:

Answer 20

bones, intestines, and kidneys

Question 21

One significant problem presented by some minerals (the trace mineral iron) and some vitamins (folic acid) is:

Answer 21

either too little or too much may be harmful

Question 22

Hemochromatosis is a hereditary disorder that could be described as:

Answer 22

iron overload due to over absorption of iron

Question 23

The most effective strategy to lower salt intake and deter elevated blood pressure would be to:

Answer 23

follow the D.A.S.H. diet

Question 24

When processed foods replace dairy and vegetable intake, there may be increased risk of:

Answer 24

osteoporosis

Question 25

Wich of these would best explain why a deficiency of B vitamins could lead to weakness?

Answer 25

coenzymes for the energy metabolism

Question 26

If a specific vitamin takes is taken at a level much greater than the RDA, it may be considered to have:

Answer 26

pharmacological effects

Question 27

Grains have been forfeited with this nutrient to decrease incidence of neural tube defects (NTD):

Answer 27

folic acid

Question 28

In order to effectively absorb vitamin B 12 in the small intestine, the stomach must produce:

Answer 28

intrinsic factor and HCL

Question 29

The most notable function of Vitamin E is:

Answer 29

to protect lipids against oxidation

Question 30

Without sufficient Vitamin K:

Answer 30

blood fails to clot

Question 31

This organic compound is a precursor of Vitamin A and also functions as an anti-oxidant:

Answer 31

beta carotene

Question 32

In addition to its role as an antioxidant, Vitamin C is part of the bone team and helps form:

Answer 32

collagen

Question 33

One example of an essential interaction between nutrients is:

Answer 33

B 12 promotes folate to its active coenzyme form

Question 34

Which of the following foods would not be good sources of Vitamin C

Answer 34

Milk and meats

Question 35

Which of the following organs is not involved in the synthesis and activation of vitamin D?

Answer 35

pancreas

Question 36

The potential benefits of hard water are due to the presence of these nutrients:

Answer 36

calcium and magnesium

Question 37

Which conditions or nutrients will enhance the absorption of Iron from food:

Answer 37

vitamin C and MFP

Question 38

Pantothenic acid, a water soluble vitamin, is a part of this important compound, which is central to energy producing pathways:

Answer 38

Coenzyme A

Question 39

One significant way that essential minerals differ from vitamins is:

Answer 39

Minerals are not organic; not destroyed by heat, light, oxygen

Question 40

With chronic excessive alcohol intake, which of these vitamins are most likely to be deficient?

Answer 40

Thiamin and folate