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social problems > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

domestic violence

A

consistent and intentional pattern of behavior that increases over time

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2
Q

power

A

legitimate access to or control of systems and institutions sanctioned by the state

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3
Q

control

A

persistent tension and dominance of one’s needs over another

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4
Q

my sisters place

A

organization which strives to end domestic violence and human trafficking through comprehensive services, advocacy, and community education

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5
Q

guiding principles of MSP

A

create a world where everyone can be free from gender based violence and engage in relationships that embrace the principles of respect equality and safety

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6
Q

capitalism

A

economic system characterizedby the private ownership of the means of production, personal profit, and competition

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7
Q

Socialism

A

economic system by which the means of production is publicly owned by the people for their collective benefits

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8
Q

NAFTA

A

North American Fair Trade Agreement passed in 1994 to increase national trade/trading of goods over national borders

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9
Q

Capital Flight

A

investment overseas, plant relocation, and mergers

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10
Q

Structural Transformation

A

fundamental change in the economy resulting from several powerful contemporary forces; technological breakthroughs in microelectrics, the globalization o the economy, capital flight, and the shift from a manufacturing economy to one based n information and services

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11
Q

Effects of Structural Transformation

A

businesses are more successful but need less workers, americans are working more hours but machines are replacing more of their jobs, and factory production is increasing but factory employment is decreasing

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12
Q

Contingent work

A

employment arrangement whereby employees work as temporaries or independent contractors freeing employers from paying fringe benefits

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13
Q

Sunrise industry

A

new and growing industry especially in electronics or telecommunications

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14
Q

Sunset industy

A

old declining industry

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15
Q

Great Recession

A

from about 2007 to 2009/2010 when debt began to increase do to easy credit an a high percentage of sublime loans. Tax revenues decreased due to a serious budget shortfall which gave employers a reason to reduce or eliminate worker benefits and caused the american dream to be more of a dream than a reality

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16
Q

Poverty

A

standard of living below the minimum needed for the maintenance of adequate diet health and shelter

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17
Q

Globalization

A

the process by which people are increasingly interconnected economically, politically, culturally, ad environmentally

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18
Q

Global Trade

A

Flow of goods across borders and the integration of peoples and nations

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19
Q

Subprime Loans

A

loans given to those with questionable credit records

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20
Q

Unemployment Rates

A

3.5% unemployment as of sep 2018 not including youth unemployment or discouraged workers

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21
Q

Underemployment

A

part time or fewer hours than desired

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22
Q

Discouraged Workers

A

People who have not actively sought work in four week

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23
Q

Scientific Management

A

efforts to increase efficiency by breaking down work into specialized tasks, the standardization of tools and procedures, and the speeding up of repetitive work

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24
Q

Control of workers

A

processes to maintain safe and successful factory work, scientific management, through bureaucracy, and by monitoring worker behavior

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25
Q

Alienation

A

Separation of people from themselves, others, and products they create

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26
Q

Dangerous working conditions

A

typically in sweatshops or low wage facilities where the area is overcrowded with workers, underpaid, long shifts, and dirty or lack of bathrooms

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27
Q

Sweatshops

A

substandard working environment where labor laws are violated

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28
Q

Unions

A

workers join together to form union to cover them and provide job security and higher wages

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29
Q

Unionized rates

A

women in a union earn 33% more than those ununionized

30
Q

Purpose of unions

A

workers join together to increase wages, add benefits, provide worker security, and promote safety in the workplace

31
Q

Shift work

A

work compromising recurring periods in which different groups of workers do the same jobs in rotation
allows for less full time workers giving little to no benefits

32
Q

Discrimination in the workplace

A

women and minorities in the hiring process, seniority rights, restricted job placement, limited opportunities for advancement, and lower pay for equal amount of work

33
Q

Insecurities related to jobb

A

U.S. corporations have been reducing their benefits to workers and some large companies will negotiate with unions to set up a two tiered system separating old workers and new hires

34
Q

Poverty

A

standard of living below the minimum needed for the maintenance of adequate diet health and shelter

35
Q

Poverty Threshold

A

calculated based on minimal amount required for substance calculated by multiplying the cost of basic nutritional diet by 3 which does not account for cost of living, housing, or medical costs

36
Q

current poverty rate

A

11.8% U.S. white 8% black 20% hispanic 16%

37
Q

Wealth Gap

A

racial wealth gap is the sum of important assets a family owns and includes home ownership, pension funds, savings accounts, and investments

38
Q

Gender and poverty

A

women commonly in lower paying jobs with fewer benefits which leads to a lifetime of lower earnings is reflected in the different poverty rates after age 65

39
Q

Education and poverty

A

those who can not pay for college lead to lifetime of lower earnings and low-mobility jobs

40
Q

Race and poverty

A

racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be concentrated in high poverty areas in the city and much more likely to be among the poorest of the poor

41
Q

Causes of poverty

A

joblessness/low wage jobs
changing economy
housing costs/evictions
medical costs

42
Q

Effects of poverty

A

women and minorities and cause a boomerang generation

43
Q

Severely Poor

A

People’s whose cash incomes are half the poverty line or less

44
Q

Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act PRWORA

A

1996 act that reformed the welfare system
welfare recipients find work within 2 years, limited welfare five years and cut federal assistance programs targeted towards poor by $54.5 billion over 6 years

45
Q

Regressive tax

A

tax rates that remain the same for all people rich and poor which results in the poor giving higher proportion of their wealth than the rich

46
Q

Meritocracy

A

social classification based on ability

47
Q

Deficiency theories of poverty

A

innate and cultural inferiority

48
Q

Innate (Social Darwinism)

A

the belief that the place of people in the social stratification system is a function of their ability and effort

49
Q

Cultural inferiority

A

the view that the poor are qualitatively different in values and lifestyles from the rest of society and that these cultural differences explain continues poverty

50
Q

structural theories of poverty

A

institutional discrimination and political economy of society

51
Q

institutional discrimination

A

when discrimination has been incorporated into the structures, processes and procedures of an organization or social institution

52
Q

Political economy of society

A

who gets what determines by private profit rather than collective need

53
Q

Solutions for poverty

A

identify what is keeping people in a condition of poverty

will not be solved by volunteers or organizations or the rich giving money

54
Q

Rape

A

sexual activity or intercourse carried out forcibly or under threat non consensually

55
Q

Rape culture

A

set of cultural practices which allow sexual violence to happen and excuse it when it does consent

56
Q

Consent

A

permission for something to happen

57
Q

Affirmative consent

A

explicit informed, and voluntary agreement to participate in a sexual act

58
Q

Pay gap

A 
women 80
asian 85
white 77
black 61
native american 58
hispanic 53
59
Q

Intersectionality

A

interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race gender and class as they apply to a given individual or group regarded as creating overlapping and independent systems of discrimination or disadvantage

60
Q

Cultural scripts

A

cultural notions of appropriate sexual behaviors and sexual encounters

61
Q

Sexual Harassment

A

behavior characterized by unwelcome and inappropriate sexual remarks or physical advances in a workplace or other professional or social situation

62
Q

Title IX

A

1972 all schools with federal funding required to provide equal and free access to education

63
Q

Feminism

A

social movement aimed at achieving gender equality

64
Q

Sexism

A

prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically agains women on a basis of sex

65
Q

Male Dominance

A

Beliefs meanings, and placement that value men over women and institutionalize male control of socially valued resources

66
Q

Women in congress

A

23.7% women 32.4% in NY

67
Q

Patriarchy

A

social systems and forms of social organization in which men are dominant over women

68
Q

Glass Ceiling

A

invisible barrier that limits women’d upward occupational mobility

69
Q

Pay inequality

A

pay gap between men and women

70
Q

occupational distribution

A

different fields different rates

71
Q

job segregation

A

different promotion rates

social problems (1 decks)

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