Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK II > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the two functions of the foot

A

stability and mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the stability function of the foot

A

to provide a stable BoS for the WB, and to provide a rigid lever for push off during gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the mobility functions of the foot

A

dampening rotations from the proximal joints, as well as school absorption and the ability to conform to changes in terrain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

General structure of the foot
bones and joints
like what
which is more important, stability or mobility

A

28 bones 25 joints, and like the wrist and hand but here stability is more important than mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what bones make up the forefoot, mid foot and rear/hindfoot

A

forefoot: phalanges and metatarsals
mid foot: cuboid, cuneiform and navicular
hind: talus, calcaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

true or false: it is hard to produce our DF or PF

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does DF and PF occur, and in what plane and what axis

A

at the talocrural joint, or ankle joint, and in the sagittal plane around the frontal axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the normal ranges for DF and PF

A

DF 20

PF 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

INV and EVE occur in what plane around what axis

A

in the fontal plane, AP axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the motions of INV and EVE

A

INV: plantar surface towards the midline
EVE: plantar surface away from the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what plane and around what axis does ABD and ADD occur

A

in the transverse plane, around the vertical axis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the motions of ABD and ADD

A

ADD: distal segment towards the midline of the body
ABD: distal segment away from the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

supination and pronation occur at what joint

A

subtalar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

in an OKC the calcaneous moves on the … for supination and pronation

A

fixed talus/leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What motions happen during OKC supination

A

calcaneous PF, INV and ADD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what motions happen during OKC pronation

A

calcaneous DF, EVE and ABD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What motions happen with CKC pronation

A

IR tibia and fibula
Talar ADD and PF
Calcaneal EVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what motions happen with CKC supination

A

ER tibia and fibula
Talar ABD and DF
Calcaneal INV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

raising the arch of the foot is like pronation or supination

A

Supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the issue with composite triplanes motion terminology

A

orthopedics use INV and EVE and Its usually use pronation and supination, so there can be miscommunications between clinicians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the difference between valgus and varus

A

valgus is when the distal segment moves away from the midline, and varus is when the distal segment moves towards the midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the three components of the tibiofibular joints

A

proximal, middle and distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what type of joint is the proximal tibiofib joint and what motion is allowed here. what are the articulating surfaces

A

synovial, between the fibular head and the fibular articulating surface of the tibia. allows for superior and inferior fibular gliding as well as fibular rotation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

the middle tibiofibular joint is also known as the

A

interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what kind of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint, and what supports it. also, what are the articulating surfaces
syndesmosis/fibrous distal fibula and the fibular notch of the tibia ligaments include the anterior and posterior tibfib. that restrict motion and stabilize the mortise
26
what is the main ankle joint, and what kind of joint is it
the talocrural joint | synovial, modified saddle or hinge joint
27
what is the mortise made up of
the rectangular cavity for the talus. it is made up of the tibia, which is the roof, and the medial malleolus, and the lateral malleolus of the fibula
28
what is the tenon
the projection shape for the insertion into the mortise, or the trochlear of the talus
29
the tenon/talus and mortise is wider anteriorly, which means...
means that there is more of a congruency throughout the entire ROM, and that the tightest fit is during PF and DF.
30
what is the most congruent joint of the body
the talocrural joint
31
does the talocrural joint have muscular attachments or a blood supply
no, so this is very bad when it comes to fracturing it.
32
what is talocrural coupling. why does this happen
this is when the axis shifts slightly with motion, so when the foot moves, the axis and planes of that motion will change. This is because it is a uniaxial, oblique hinge joint
33
what else is important about talocrural coupling, in terms of movement of the entire lower limb
there is movement in the talus, and then that movement will move upstream.
34
describe the lower leg rotation during walking
there is tibial internal rotation from the heel strike to the foot flat, and then ER from the mid stance to toe off.
35
what is the closed packed position of the talocrural joint. describe it
DF, this is where there is the most congruency and joint compression. the ligaments and the capsule are taut and it is most stable.
36
what is the open pack position for the talocrural joint
PF, most loose
37
where is the talocrural joint most stable, DF or PF
DF
38
when doing joint mobs, you want to be in slight... why?
PF because this is where the most motion can happen, and where the most joint play is.
39
what is the capsular pattern of the talocrural joint
PF is limited more than DF
40
what is the deltoid ligament, resists...
this is the strong ligament on the inside of the foot that resists EVE and side to side movement or rotation of the mortise on the talus.
41
what are the components of the deltoid ligament
anterior and posterior tibiotalar ligaments, tibiocalcaneal ligament and tibionavicular ligament
42
are EVE sprains common, what percentage? why?
rare, 5-10% | the deltoid ligament is so strong and the fibula is there to protect on the outside
43
True or false: there is a high risk of bony trauma with an EVE sprain
true, because of the medial malleolus and the fibula
44
most ankle sprains occur at what ligament complex
the LCL
45
what are the components of the LCL
the anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments, and the calcaneofibular ligament.
46
what does the LCL counter
varus and INV stresses
47
which is stronger the LCL or the deltoid ligament
the Deltoid
48
of the LCL which is the strongest and weakest ligament
strongest is PTFL | weakest and most injured is ATFL
49
what motion is the greatest risk of injuring the ATFL
INV and PF
50
between what is the subtalar joint. what kind of joint is it
between the talus and calcaneous | synovial
51
the subtalar joint has three articulations, which means there is...
triplanes motion, and that there is less rotational forces, and it helps maintain foot contact with the supporting surfaces.
52
what is the LE interdependence
this means that motion in one segment of the leg can cause motion in other segment. For example, when you are pronated, there is ADD of the talus, and the tibia and fibula with IR.
53
what is the closed packed position of the subtalar joint
supination, there is a locking of talocalcaneal joint surfaces, and the foot becomes a rigid lever, which is good for stability
54
what is the open packed position of the subtalar joint. importance?
between pro and sup, and at 10 degrees of Talar PF. important because pronation is critical for mobility and chock absorption and dampening BW imposed rotational forces.
55
what is the capsular pattern of the subtalar joint
varus is more limited than valgus
56
where is the transverse tarsal joint, and what are some other names for it
between the hind and mid foot, also known as the mid tarsal joint and the chopart joint
57
what two joints are associated with the transverse tarsal joint
the talonavicular joint and the calcaneocuboid joint
58
what ligament is associated with the talonavicular joint and what type of joint is it
it is associated with the spring ligament, which is the plantar calcaneonavilcuar ligament. this ligament supports the ML arch and the joint. it is a ball and socket joint
59
the calcaneocuboid joint has what ligament, and what arch does it support
the long plantar ligament, and supports the LL arch
60
what are some of the functions of the transverse tarsal joint
it increases the pronation or supination at the subtalar joint, and compensates (int he forefoot) for rear foot positioning. it will allow the foot to stay on the ground regardless of what the hind foot is doing (pro/sup)
61
what happens in the TTJ in early to mid stance phase
the TTJ and subtalar joint both pronate, to absorb BW, and shock absorption. then the TTJ will supinate to make sure there is contact between the lateral foot and the ground. This countermovement makes the normal BW throughout the forefoot, and the tibial IR in the rear foot.
62
what happens in the TTJ during late stance phase
the subtalar and TTJ supination allows for more stability, and there is more congruency in the bones, and a locked closed pack position. This locking will allow weight transfer from forefoot during toe off.
63
describe the chain of events if a patient has pes planus
this means that there is no arch when WB, which also means pronation at the subtalar joint. This will cause the navicular to drop, which will make it more challenging for the TTJ to supinate, and absorb some of the weight and shock. there is no counter movement so, there is not normal WB through the foot
64
what kinds of joints are the tarsometatarsal joints and what are they also known as
Lisfranc. | these are planar synovial joints.
65
what is the function of the TMT joints
to help the TTJ and also to maintain the forefoot contact with the ground. helps the TTJ when it cannot compensate for rear foot.
66
what is a ray
in the first to third rays, it is the unit formed by the MT and the cuneiform, and at the 4th and 5th, just the MT
67
what motion occurs at the rays
1st and 2nd: invert and extend and evert and flex 3rd: extends and flexes 4th and 5th: extend/evert and invert and flex.
68
which ray is the least mobile
2nd
69
what are the metatarsalpharengeal joint types and what motion do they do
the MTP joints are condyloid synovial and they allow for extension when the body passes over the foot, in late stance, and then flexion when returning to neutral. They also ABD and ADD with grasping as well as compressing and absorbing some forces of the MT during pro and sup.
70
what are the sesamoid bones
they are two pea shaped bones on the plantar surface of the first MT head. They allow for a pulley for the FHB, and they also help protect the tendon o fate FHL during WB.
71
where is the medial longitudinal arch
along the 1st MT and the curve of the calcaneous.
72
what do the arches provide, how
stability, by not only their ligament, but also intrinsic foot muscles and the bone structure.
73
what is the function of the plantar aponeurosis
from calcaneous to the plantar plates at MTP joints, then to the phalanges. it supports the arches, and increases stability.also has a tie and rod component and struts that are relaxed with non-WB and are tensioned with WB. when you extend the toes, the plantar fascia tightens. overpronation also loads this.
74
what is pes planus
this is when the arch is not there during WB and there is an absent ML arch. the talus accuses the navicular to drop, which decreases the potential for the TTJ for counter motions to offset the pronation.
75
what is pes cavus
supinated or a high arch foot that does not dissipate forces well
76
what are some effects of pes planus
overly mobile, muscular involvement during stance, and decreased push off during gait. increased tibial IR (increased Q angle and patellar tracking problems) and then excessive mobility of ligaments and tendons that puts on too much stress and too much pronation.
77
what are the effects of pes cavus
too much stiffness, doesn't absorb well, and too much of a ML arch. too much supination and there is ER on the leg. can get shin splints because too much force into the leg. also increased loading on lateral structures.
78
what are the injuries associated with pes planus and cavus
``` planus: Fascitis Knee pain Patellar tendinitis stress fx: 2 and 3 ``` ``` Cavus: Fascitis Ankle INV sprain ITBS stress fx: 5 ```

MSK II (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions