Exam 2

Question 1

What makes up the CNS

Answer 1

brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What two categories make up the PNS

Answer 2

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 3

What two categories make up the autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Question 4

Function of the somatic nervous system

Answer 4

interacts with external environment

afferent and efferent nerves

Question 5

What are afferent nerves

Answer 5

bring sensory in

Question 6

What are efferent nerves

Answer 6

send motor out

Question 7

Function of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

regulates internal environment

Less control

Question 8

What does the sympathetic nervous system control

Answer 8

arousal

Question 9

What does the parasympathetic nervous system control

Answer 9

calming

Question 10

towards the middle

Answer 10

medial

Question 11

towards the outside

Answer 11

lateral

Question 12

above the belly

Answer 12

dorsal

Question 13

towards the belly

Answer 13

ventral

Question 14

on the same side

Answer 14

ipsilateral

Question 15

on the opposite side

Answer 15

contralateral

Question 16

above

Answer 16

superior

Question 17

below

Answer 17

inferior

Question 18

closer to the body

Answer 18

proximal

Question 19

further from the body

Answer 19

distal

Question 20

one side

Answer 20

unilateral

Question 21

two sides

Answer 21

bilateral

Question 22

cephalocaudal development

Answer 22

development from head to foot

Question 23

Proximodistal development

Answer 23

we develop proximal to distal

Question 24

What is neurulation

Answer 24

ectoderm seals up forming the neural tube

Question 25

When does neurulation occur

Answer 25

Day 26 of pregnancy

Question 26

What causes spina bifida

Answer 26

if neural tube doesn't close

Question 27

What are precursor cells

Answer 27

make up nervous system and neurotransmitters

Question 28

What occurs in neurogenesis

Answer 28

cells generate, migrate, and differentiate

Question 29

What occurs in corticogenesis

Answer 29

development of cortex

Question 30

When are neurons in place

Answer 30

18 weeks of pregnancy

Question 31

What is arborization and when does it occur

Answer 31

the branching of dendrites | between birth and 18 months

Question 32

Why do adults have larger cell bodies

Answer 32

there are more pathways

Question 33

What does synaptogenesis do and when does it occur

Answer 33

makes synapses | second trimester

Question 34

How much pruning occurs throughout life

Answer 34

40% of synapses are eliminated

Question 35

Two major sucli

Answer 35

longitudinal fissure, lateral fissure

Question 36

What is agyria

Answer 36

lack of gyri

Question 37

What is lissencephaly

Answer 37

lack of gyri and sulci

Question 38

What do gyri and sulci do for the brain

Answer 38

makes larger surface area

Question 39

How big is the fetal head at 2 months in pregnancy

Answer 39

50% of the body

Question 40

How much is the brain weight at 2 years

Answer 40

75% of adult weight | ~ 3 lbs

Question 41

Job of the skull

Answer 41

protection

Question 42

Problems of the skull

Answer 42

no room for movement | bony structures inside can harm it

Question 43

Job of the meninges

Answer 43

support and protection

Question 44

What is inside the ventricles

Answer 44

choroid plexus that makes cerebrospinal fluid

Question 45

What is hydroencephalus

Answer 45

water on the brain

Question 46

What does hydroencehphalus look like and why

Answer 46

dementia | incontinence, memory issues, balance issues

Question 47

What is the Circle of Willis

Answer 47

a circle of arteries that provides redundancy and blood flow

Question 48

What do veins do in the brain

Answer 48

pick up waste | reabsorb CSF

Question 49

What are the divisions of the brain in order of development

Answer 49

spinal cord, hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Question 50

Subdivisions of the forebrain

Answer 50

telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 51

Subdivisions of the midbrain

Answer 51

mesencephalon

Question 52

Subdivisions of the hindbrain

Answer 52

metencephalon, myelencephalon