exam 2

Question 1

cephalocaudal development

Answer 1

growth starting at the head then going down

Question 2

proximal distal development

Answer 2

growth starting at core and working its way out toward extremities

Question 3

Development of vision

Answer 3

visual constancy: baby thinks toy is in same place despite different context
depth perception: visual cliff experiment
perception of form: babies prefer faces

Question 4

cutaneous senses

Answer 4

heat, cold, pressure, and pain

babies like pressure, thats why we swaddle them, its comforting

Question 5

different aspects of cognition

Answer 5

sensation, perception, imagery, retention, memory, recall, problem solving, thinking

Question 6

piaget on cognition

Answer 6

the way information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing

Question 7

schema

Answer 7

action pattern for dealing with environment, how to respond to stimuli (elevator thing), schemas become more complex as you grow older

Question 8

assimilation

Answer 8

incorporating new information to what you already know

Question 9

accommodation

Answer 9

adjusting schemas to new info

Question 10

Bruner’s 3 models of representation

Answer 10

enactive representation (action-based)
iconic representation (image-based)
symbolic representation (language-based)

Question 11

language and communication: young infants

Answer 11

enter the world ready for relationships
delight in hearing language
respond to familiar voices

Question 12

language and communication: mobile infants

Answer 12

follows line of vision (eye contact)
conversational (turn taking, gestures)
vocal production (cooing, abble, first words)
literacy

Question 13

emotions

Answer 13

the physiological changes, subjective experiences, and expressive behaviors that are involved in such feelings as love, joy, grief, and anger

Question 14

still face experiment

Answer 14

we are wired to recognize a lack of emotions in someone

the times when mom wasn’t engaging with the child was teaching it to build its resilience

Question 15

functions of emotions

Answer 15

• help humans survive and adapt to their environment
• guide and motivate human behavior
• support communication with others

Question 16

10 fundamental emotions

Answer 16

interest, enjoyment, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, fear, shyness, shame, guilt

Question 17

flip your lid by dan siegel

Answer 17

• your emotions can change the function and structure of your brain
• introduced the hand model of the brain
• flip your lid: when your brain puts things on hold and directs your energy elsewhere, breaks its connections (fight or flight)
• amygdala, hippocampus, limbic system
• attachment is about the limbic region of the brain

Question 18

Henry Harlow’s definition of attachment

Answer 18

an affectional bond that one individual forms for another that endures across time and space

Question 19

bowlby’s phases of attachment (just names)

Answer 19

• pre attachment (starts at birth)
• attachment in the making (6wks to 8mos)
• clear cut attachment (8mos to 2 years)
• reciprocal relationships (18mos to 2 years)

Question 20

bowlby’s phases of attachment (just names)

Answer 20

• pre attachment (starts at birth)
• attachment in the making (6wks to 8mos)
• clear cut attachment (8mos to 2 years)
• reciprocal relationships (18mos to 2 years)

Question 21

pre attachment

Answer 21

• baby needs to be picked up to obtain warmth, food, protection, contact
• babies can attach to anybody
• built in skills elicit responses from the person they are attaching to (sucking, rooting, grasping, smiling)

Question 22

attachment in the making

Answer 22

• infant responds differently to familiar vs unfamiliar people
• babies attach to more people to enhance their chance for survival
• quality of attachment doesn’t matter (for survival, thats why babies can be attached to abusive parents)

Question 23

clear cut attachment

Answer 23

• separation anxiety begins

- increased mobility and seek contact with caregiver

Question 24

reciprocal relationships

Answer 24

• stranger anxiety develops
• begin to take others actions into account when deciding on own actions
• development increases understanding of reasons a caregiver is not currently present (they are gonna come back)

Question 25

types of attachment (just names)

Answer 25

- secure attachment (50-70%) - insecure-avoidant attachment (10-20%) - insecure-resistant attachment (10-20%) - disorganized/disoriented attachment (5-10%)

Question 26

secure attachment

Answer 26

- infants use parent as a secure base from which to explore - when parent leaves they may or may not cry (crying is due to absence) - when parent returns, child actively seeks contact

Question 27

insecure-avoidant attachment

Answer 27

- infant unresponsive to parent when present - when parent leaves, child is not distressed - when parent returns they avoid or go to parent slowly - those with this attachment have problems with peer groups as an adult

Question 28

insecure-resistant attachment

Answer 28

- OVER ATTACHMENT - preseparation, they seek closeness to parent and do not explore - when parent returns they act angry with parent - many are not easily comforted -tend to be overly attached to friends/spouse later in life

Question 29

disorganized/disoriented attachment

Answer 29

- the greatest insecurity - at reunion the infant shows variety of confused contradictory behaviors - tend to have behavioral problems at school