Exam 2

Question 1

Major areas addressed in traditional NDT assessment

Answer 1

Muscle tone 
Patterns of posture and movement 
Presence of mature reactions 
ROM
OT

Question 2

What to look for in muscle tone during traditional NDT assessment

Answer 2

Type, degree, distribution, changes under various stimuli

Question 3

What to look for in patterns of posture and movement in traditional NDT assessment

Answer 3

Primitive reflexes 
Stage of motor development 
Fixing patterns 
Transitional movements 
Sequence of coordinated movement in head/neck and trunk

Question 4

What to look for in presence of mature reactions during traditional NDT assessment

Answer 4

Righting reactions

Equilibrium reactions

Question 5

What to look for in ROM in traditional NDT assessment

Answer 5

Presence or development of contractures and deformities

Question 6

What to look for in OT during a traditional NDT assessment

Answer 6

Causes of function/ dysfunction in occupational performance

Question 7

Head control and adjustment of the head in different positions and functional tasks

Answer 7

Righting reactions

Question 8

Quality of response, various positions, spontaneous protective extensive

Answer 8

Equilibrium reactions

Question 9

What patterns of movement and muscle activity could you assess in supine

Answer 9

Quality of flexor control

Question 10

What patterns of movement and muscle activity could you assess in prone

Answer 10

Quality of extensor control

Question 11

What patterns of movement and muscle activity could you assess in side lying

Answer 11

Lateral head righting, lateral trunk control

Question 12

What patterns of movement and muscle activity could you assess in sitting

Answer 12

Balance of flexion / extension in trunk, lateral control, posture, equilibrium, trunk rotation

Question 13

What patterns of movement and muscle activity could you assess in quadruped and kneeling

Answer 13

Scapular winging, reciprocal pattern, bunny hopping

Question 14

What patterns of movement and muscle activity could you assess in standing and walking

Answer 14

Balance of flexion/extension, lateral control, rotation, posture, equilibrium

Question 15

Hypertonic CP

Answer 15

Spastic

Question 16

Hypotonic CP

Answer 16

Flaccid

Question 17

Dyskinetic CP

Answer 17

Abnormal movement

Question 18

Types of hypertonic or spastic CP

Answer 18

Quad
Tri
Di
Hemi

Question 19

Spastic quad

Answer 19

All four extremities

Question 20

Spastic tri

Answer 20

Both legs and one arm

Question 21

Spastic di

Answer 21

Both legs ( arms almost look normal)

Question 22

Spastic hemi

Answer 22

One arm and one leg

Question 23

Types of dyskinetic CP

Answer 23

Choreoathetoid
Dystonic
Athetoid *

Question 24

In hemipelgia CP what area of the brain was affected

Answer 24

One cerebral hemisphere affecting the other side of the body- congenital affect in utero or stroke

Question 25

In athetoid CP what area of the brain was affected

Answer 25

Basal ganglia (causes child to be non verbal)

Question 26

In ataxia CP what area of the brain was affected

Answer 26

Cerebellum and/or its connecting tracts

Question 27

Abnormal tone and movement patterns are seen, tone may fluctuate between normal low and high tone

Answer 27

Athetoid

Question 28

High muscle tone on involved side, decrease awareness and use of involved side, overused uninvolved side, must treat both sides equally

Answer 28

Hemipelgia cp

Question 29

Constant tremors through trunk and extremities, loss of ability of the muscles to sustain a constant low level activity and execute smooth graded movement

Answer 29

Ataxia cp

Question 30

Characteristics of ataxia cp

Answer 30

Poor balance and coordination Fix with their eyes Difficulty with initiation, termination, sustaining, timing movements

Question 31

Fixations often seen in children with spastic cp

Answer 31

Head/neck Shoulders Pelvis

Question 32

Treatment priorities for fixations in children with spastic cp

Answer 32

Address stiffness | Address oculomotor control

Question 33

Common fixations in a child with congenital hemipelgia cp

Answer 33

Head/ neck | Upper trunk / shoulder girdle

Question 34

Common movement patterns associated with hemipelgia cp

Answer 34

Avoids all fours- scoots by sitting on less involved hip and pushing with less involved arm Sitting - weight bears on less involved hip

Question 35

Unpredictable movement patterns in wide range of movement which are disorganized and uncontrolled, reciprocal inhibition and coco traction are not used

Answer 35

Athetoid cp

Question 36

Sensory processing difficulties associated with hemipelgia cp

Answer 36

Visual * Tactile Proprioception *

Question 37

Visual processing difficulties in hemipelgia cp

Answer 37

Hemianopsia, visual fields are missing on involved side

Question 38

same side of each visual field not perceiving / interpreting visual info

Answer 38

Hemianopsia

Question 39

Proprioceptive processing difficulties in hemipelgia cp

Answer 39

Poor perceived proprioceptive input on hemipelgic side, seems to ignore or be unaware of involved side

Question 40

Typical sitting pattern of a child with flaccidity

Answer 40

Ring sitting with posterior pelvic tilt May use w sit Lateral control and rotation will be limited

Question 41

Typical fixing pattens in head / neck in sitting by a child with ataxia

Answer 41

Rests head between elevated shoulders Upward gaze with head/neck extension Jaw may retract or remain opened

Question 42

Typical fixation used to stabilize head/neck in kids with athetosis

Answer 42

Strong asymmetrical cervical | Extension with upward gaze (no active flexion)