Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biopsych > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(119 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder

A
  • Impaired control over substance use
  • taking the substance in larger amts, trying to cut down, spending time obtaining
  • failure in home, school, work
  • continues to use substance despite knowledge
  • tolerance and withdrawal occur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alcohol: effect body/mind

A

E: sedation, decreased inhibitions, relaxation, decreased coordination, slurred speech, nausea
O: respiratory depression, cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stimulant: amphetamines, cocaine

A

E: euphoria, CNS stimulation, wakefulness, decreased appetite, insomnia, paranoia, aggressiveness, dilated pupils, tremors
O: cardiac arrhythmias, BP issues, resp. depression, chest pain, seizures, psychosis, dyskinesias, dystopias, coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cannabis

A

E: euphoria, dysphoria, relaxation, drowsiness, heightened perception of color and sound, poor corrdination
O: increased HR, reddened eyes, dysphoria, lability, disorientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

LSD, MDMA

A

E: euphoria, altered body image, distorted visual/auditory perceptions, bizarre behavior, confusion, incoordination, SNS and PNS stimulation
O: paranoia, idea of reference, fear losing mind, depersonalization, derealization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

PCP

A

E: feeling superhuman, decreased awareness of environment, ataxia, dysarthria, decreased pain perception
O: hallucinations, paranoia, psychosis, aggression, adrenergic crisis,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Opioids: heroin, cocaine

A

E: euphoria, sedation, reduced libido, analgesia
O: resp. depression, stupor, coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sedatives, hypnotics

A

E: euphoria, sedation, reduced libido, emotional lability, impaired judgement
O: resp. depression, cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inhalants

A

E: euphoria, giddiness, excitation
O: CNS depression, ataxia, nystagmus, dysarthria, coma, convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nicotine

A

E: stimulation, enhanced performance and alertness, appetite suppression
O: anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Caffeine

A

E: stimulation, increased mental acuity, inexhaustibility
O: restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushing, diuresis, GI distress, muscle twitching, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia or arrhythmia, agitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Interventions for addiction

A

therapeutic relationship
brief interventions: negotiated conversation btw the prof. and pt designed to reduce eliminate EtOh
cognitive and CBI: change way a pt thinks
Enhance coping skills
Group interventions and early recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Positive Symptoms

A

An excess of normal function. Something is there that should not be there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Negative Symptoms

A

Something is absent. Ex. flat affect, etc.

-diminished emotional expression, logia, abolition, anhedonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Clinical course of schizophrenia

A

Prodromal: childhood
Acute Illness: hospitalization, completely out of whack
Stabilization: beginning process of meds regiments
Recovery: feeling gucci
Relapses: the more that happen the worse they are likely to get

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Schizophrenia

A

psychotic symptoms that last at least 6mo, decline in functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

mood-related symptoms and symptoms of schizophrenia occur simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Delusional disorder

A

delusions only, no other S/S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Brief psychotic disorder

A

symptoms similar to schizophrenia, only last 1mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

A

same S/S schizophrenia, less then 6mo and absence in decline of functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Substance induced psychotic disorder

A

caused by medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

pervasive pattern of deficits including social and interpersonal, cognitive or perceptual distortion, and eccentrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Psychosis

A

a state in which a person experiences hallucination, delusion, disorganized thoughts, speech, or behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Command hallucination

A

Auditory hallucination, instructing the person to act a certain way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Hallucination:
involve the five senses
26
Delusions
fixed, erroneous, false beliefs that cannot be changed by reasonable argument
27
Parkinsonism
ACUTE | identical in appearance to Parkinson disease, caused by antipsychotic drugs. Managed by reducing the dose
28
Dystonic Reaction
ACUTE muscle tense, body contorts, oculogy-ric crisis: muscle that control eye movement tense and pull the eyeball, torticollis: neck muscles spasm, retrocollis: head pulled back -Diphenhydramine -Decrease antipsychotic
29
Akathisia
ACUTE pt is restless, driven to keep moving, extremely uncomfortable -Propranol(adrenergic blocker) -reduce dose
30
Tardive dyskinesia
PERSISTANT abnormal dyskinetic movements of the face, mouth, and jaw; choreoathetoid movements of the legs, arms, and trunks valbenazine reduce dose
31
Tardive dystonia
PERSISTANT | sustained abnormal postures of the body
32
Tardive akathisia
PERSISTANT | unabating sense of subjective and objective restlessness
33
Echolalia
repetition of another’s words, parrotlike
34
Circumstantiality
extremely lengthy and detailed discourse about a topic
35
Loose associations
absence of the normal connectedness of thoughts, ideas, and topics: sudden shifts without apparent relationship to preceding topics
36
Tangentiality
the topic of conversation is changed to an extremely different topic that is a logical progression but causes a permanent detour
37
Flight of ideas
the topic of conversation changes repeatedly and rapidly, generally after just one sentence of phrase
38
word salad
stringing together words that are not connected in any way
39
Neologisms
words that are made up that have no common meaning and are not recognizable
40
Paranoia
suspiciousness and guardedness that are unrealistic
41
Referential thinking
i. Referential thinking: a belief that neutral stimuli have special meaning to the individual
42
Autistic thinking
j. Autistic thinking: restricts thinking to the literal and immediate to that the individual has private rules of logic and reasoning that make no sense to anyone else
43
Concrete thinking
lack of abstract thinking
44
verbigeration
l. Verbigeration: purposeless repetition of words or phrases
45
metonymic speech
use of words with similar meanings interchangeably
46
Clang association
n. Clang association: repletion of words or phrase that are similar in sounds but in no other way
47
Stilted speech
o. Stilted speech: overly and inappropriately artificial formal language
48
Pressured speech
p. Pressured speech: speaking as if the words are being forced out
49
Aggression
behaviors or attitudes that reflect rage, hostility, and the potential for physical or verbal destructiveness
50
Agitation
inability to sit still or attend to others, accompanied by heightened emotions or tension
51
Catatonia
psychomotor disturbances such as stupor, mutism, posturing, or repetitive behavior
52
Catatonic excitement
hyperactivity characterized by purposeless activity and abnormal movements, such as grimacing and posturing
53
Echopraxis
involuntary imitation of another person’s movements and gestures
54
Regressed behavior
behaving in a manner of a less mature life stage; childlike and immature behavior
55
Hyper-vigilance
sustained attention to external stimuli as if expecting something important of frightening to happen
56
Anticholinergic Crisis
S/S: hot as a hare, blind as a bat, mad as a matter, and dry as a bone. Antidote: physostigmine
57
Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome
S/S mental status change, muscle rigidity, high temp, HR, BP, RR, diaphoreses, tremor, leukocytosis, metabolic acidosis Treat: dopamine, benzos
58
Mood
pervasive and sustained emotion that influences ones perception of the world and how one functions
59
Affect
outward emotional expression
60
Blunted
significantly reduced intensity of emotional expression
61
Bright
smiling, projection of a positive attitude
62
Flat
absent or nearly absent affective expression
63
Inappropriate
discordant affective expression accompanying the content of speech and ideation
64
Labile
varied, rapid, and abrupt shifts in affective expression
65
Restricted
mildly reduced in the range and intensity of emotional expression
66
Major Depressive disorder criteria
i. Major depressive disorder: episodes of depressed mood that impact functioning 1. EITHER a. Depressed mood b. Loss of interest of pleasure in all activities 2. 4 out of 7 a. Disruption in sleep b. Appetite c. Concentration d. Energy e. Psychomotor agitation or retardation f. Excessive guild or feeling of worthlessness g. Suicidal ideation
67
Persistant Depressive Disorder
mood disturbance that lasts more that 2 years with a depressed mood daily
68
Dysthymia
persistant depressive disorder
69
Depression biologic theories
i. Genetic ii. Neurobiological: deficiency or dysregulation in CNS concentration of neurotransmitter norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin iii. Neuroendocrine and Neuropeptide: endocrine alterations iv. Psychoneuroimmunology: increased cytokines
70
Psychological Theories
i. Psychodynamic: Freud ii. Behavioral: reduction in rewarding activities iii. Cognitive factors: maintain irrational beliefs about self iv. Developmental factors: lack developmental milestones
71
SOcial theories
family and environmental factors
72
Priority care issues are_____.
safety
73
Serotonin Syndrome
a. Cause: Excessive intrasynaptic serotonin caused by combining medications that increase serotonin levels b. S/S: mental status changes, agitation, ataxia, myoclonus, hyperreflexia, fever, shivering, diaphoresis, diarrhea c. Treatment: Treat with propranolol and lorazepam. Determine offending substance. Fluids, antipyretics, cooling blankets, and monitor VS.
74
Nurse Interventions for Depression
a. Biologic i. Nutrition, Sleep, Deep breathing, Exercise, Wellness activities, medications, phototherapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, ECT 1. Drug Therapy a. Fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, nefazodone, SSRI b. Psychosocial i. Cognitive interventions, behavioral interventions, group interventions, psychoeducation, milieu therapy, safety, family interventions, support groups
75
Mood lability
rapid shifts in moods that occur with bipolar disorder
76
Mania
a. Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. May express grandiosity. Range from unusual self-confidence to grandiose delusions. Pressured speech. Flight of ideas and more talkative. Less need for sleep and energy increased.
77
Bipolar 1
i. Manic episodes that may be followed by or preceded by a depressive or hypomanic state 1. Mood lability, elevated mood, euphoria, expansive mood, irritable mood, easily annoyed
78
Bipolar 2
i. Lifetime experience of at least 1 episode of major depressive disorder and one hypomanic disorder
79
Medications used to treat bipolar disorder
a. Lithium carbonate b. Divalproex sodium(Depakote) c. Carbamazepine d. Lamotrigine
80
Biologic theories Bipolar disorder
a. Biologic i. Chronobiologic: sleep disturbances ii. Genetic factors iii. Chronic stress, inflammation, and kindling:
81
Psychological and social theories bipolar disorder
i. Behavioral approach system dysregulation: overly sensitive and react to relevant cues when approaching a reward ii. Social rhythm disruption theory: social rhythms and cues
82
S/S Bipolar disorder
a. Mood lability, euphoria, self-harm, grandiosity, unable to focus, psychosis, deteriorated self-care
83
Priority issues of care bipolar disorder
i. Safety: may be in depressive episode and want to kill self or have delusions
84
Interventions for bipolar disorder
a. Establishing recovery and wellness goals: goals for the longterm b. Self-care: rest, hydration, nutrition, limit stimulo c. Wellness challenges: may prevent or delay symptoms. Treat to deal with stressful life events
85
Normal Anxiety
a. Normal: uncomfortable feeling of apprenhension or dread that occurs in response to internal or external stimuli; it can result in physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms i. Physiologic arousal: fight/flight ii. Cognitive processes: decipher the situation and decide whether threat should be approached or avoided iii. Coping strategies: used to resolve the threat
86
Abnormal Anxiety
inappropriate proportion to situation
87
Acrophobia
height
88
Agoraphobia
spaces
89
Ailurophobia
cats
90
Algophobia
pain
91
Arachnophobia
spiders
92
Brontophobia
thunder
93
claustrophobia
confined spaces
94
Cynophobia
dogs
95
Entomophobia
insects
96
hematophobia
blood
97
microphobia
germs
98
nyctophobia
night
99
ophidiophobia
snakes
100
photophobia
light
101
phonophobia
sounds
102
pyrophobia
fire
103
topophobia
place
104
xenophobia
strangers
105
zoophobia
animals
106
Panic disorder
a. Extreme, overwhelming form of anxiety often experienced when the individual is placed in a real or perceived life-threatening situation b. Interferes with ability to function in everyday life
107
Treatment panic disorder
c. Panic control treatment: intentional exposure to panic-invoking sensations d. Systematic desensitization: exposes patient to a hierarchy of feared situation the the patient fears e. Implosive therapy: present anxiety provoking imagery to pt. panic disorder and agoraphobia f. Flooding: desensitize pt to the fear associated with a particular anxiety-provoking stimulus. g. Exposure therapy: repeatedly exposed to phobia h. CBT i. Integration with primary care j. Breathing control
108
Medications anxiety
a. Fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, venlafaxine, clonazepam, alprazolam
109
Obsessions
excessive, unwanted, intrusive, and persistant thoughts, impulses, or images that cause anxiety and distress
110
Compulsions
repetitive behavior performed in a ritualistic fashion with the goal of preventing or relieving anxiety and distress caused by obsessions
111
Criteria for OCD
a. When obsessions/compulssions take up more then 1h qd or cause considerable stress to the individual. Not caused by meds.
112
OCD nursing interventions
a. ECT, psychosurgery, integration with primary care b. Maintain skin integrity c. Exposure and response prevention, thought stopping, relaxation techniques, cognitive restructuring, cue cards, psychoeducation
113
Medications for OCD
a. Sertraline: child 25mgqD, Adult 50mg-200mg b. Fluvoxamine: Child 25-200mgqD, Adult 50-30mgqD c. Fluoxetine: 20-60mg d. Clomipramine: child 25mg/d, adult 25-250mg/d
114
Trichotillomania
hair pulling
115
Excoriation
compulsive skin picking
116
Hoarding
can't part with possessions
117
PTSD S/S
a. Intrusion: involuntatry appearance of though, memories, or dreams of traumatic events b. Dissociative symptoms: disruptions in the normally occurring linkages among subjective awareness and feelings c. Explosive moods d. Hypersarrousal: hypervigilant for danger
118
Priority of care: PTSD
safety measures and suicide risk
119
What is CBT
correct thoughts through interventions, including cognitive restructuring, breathing training, and psychoeducation

Biopsych (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions