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Research in Physical Activity > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is evidence based practice?

A

Process by which health care providers know how to find, critically appraise, and use evidence.

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2
Q

What is the PICO method used for?

A

constructing a clinical question scientifically

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3
Q

What does PICO stand for?

A
  • Patient population
  • Intervention of Interest
  • Comparison intervention or status
  • Outcome
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4
Q

What is Patient population

A

Number of participants

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5
Q

What is Intervention of Interest?

A

What you have the participants do

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6
Q

What is comparison intervention or status?

A

Control group

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7
Q

What is outcome?

A

Very specific (death) or a variety of measures

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8
Q

What is Validity?

A

The extent to which a measurement measures what it is supposed to

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9
Q

What is External Validity?

A

applicability to the real world

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10
Q

What is internal Validity?

A

Extent to which results can be attributed to treatment

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11
Q

What type of experiments have the most internal validity?

A

Those with control and randomization

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12
Q

What is criterion validity?

A

a method of assessing validity of an instrument through comparison with another criterion also used to measure the same thing (vertec/ force plate)

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13
Q

What is concurrent validity?

A

the extent to which a procedure correlates with current behavior of subjects (long jumpers may be good at triple jump)

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14
Q

What is predictive validity?

A

The extent to which a procedure predicts future behavior of participants

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15
Q

What is content validity?

A

whether the individual items of a test represent what you want to assess.

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16
Q

What is construct validity?

A

extent to which a test measures a theoretical construct or attribute

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17
Q

What is a construct?

A

Something that isnt objectively quantifiable (depression, fatigue etc.)

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18
Q

What is construct validity assessed by?

A

Convergent and Discriminant Validity

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19
Q

What is convergent validity?

A

Does it measure what it is supposed to measure when compared to other options

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20
Q

What is discriminant validity?

A

Does it measure what it is supposed to measure on its own?

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21
Q

What are the factors that affect validity?

A
  • Test related factors
  • criterion to which you compare instrument may not be well validated
  • intervening event
  • reliability
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22
Q

What does reliability mean?

A

Precision

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23
Q

What can account for non precise scores?

A
  • psychological/physical state
  • environmental factors
  • test form
  • multiple raters
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24
Q

What is a reliability coefficient?

A

consistency of measurement over trials (rxx)

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25
What is Test-Retest reliability?
same score when tested multiple times
26
What is another name for split half reliability?
Internal consistency
27
What is internal consistency?
Indicates that scores match previous scores for a subject
28
What is interrater reliability?
having two or more rater observe/ record specified behaviors | -2 testers same score
29
What is a target behavior?
behavior observer is looking to report
30
What are alternate forms of reliability?
equivalent forms
31
What is standard error of measurement?
true score-error score
32
What are some reasons for error on a test?
- Fatigue - Unusual questions - confusion of intent - vaguely worded questions
33
What are some factors that affect reliability?
- test length - test-retest interval - variability of scores - guessing - variability within the testing situation
34
What is sociohistorical research?
systemic storytelling | does not resemble qualitative research
35
What are the approaches of sociohistorical research?
particularizing generalizing splitting lumping
36
What is particularizing?
interested in minute details
37
What is splitting?
chipping away at theory to see how it holds up to data
38
What is lumping?
taking seemingly disparate facts and putting them togehter
39
What are the paradigms of sociohistorical research?
Structural/functionalism modernization marxism post-modernism
40
What is structural/ functionalism?
social systems institutions time periods urbanization
41
What is modernization?
movement from agragian to urban institutional society (time frames)
42
What is post modernism?
deconstruction | no grand theories can be explained
43
What sources do sociohistorical research use?
primary and secondary sources
44
What are the designs of sociohistorical research?
Descriptive history analytical collective evidence
45
What is descriptive history?
what happened
46
What is collective evidence?
follow previous research goes from primary to secondary
47
What type of data analysis does sociohistorical research employ?
External/internal criticism
48
What is external criticism?
establishing authenticity of primary sources
49
What is internal criticism?
determine biases of author
50
When looking at credibility what is most important?
the credibility of individual statements rather than the whole peice
51
What should you aim for when presenting findings?
- logical timeline - presenting evidence in context with meaningful framework of data - pay attention to writing style
52
homeogeneity varience is what ?
normal distribution on a bell shaped curve.
53
What are statistics?
a powerful tool for analyzing data
54
What are descriptive statistics?
provide an overview of the attributes of a data set.
55
What are the attributes of a data set?
central tendency | and dispersion
56
What are inferential statistics?
provide measures of how well your data support your hypothesis and if your data are generalizable beyond what was tested
57
What is a Type 1 error?
the rejection of a true null hypothesis
58
What is a Type 2 error?
The acceptance of a false null hypotheses`
59
If testing for relatedness what would you use?
correlational tests
60
If difference is observed what will you do?
Difference tests | testing for independence between distributions
61
What tests do you use for a difference between means?
``` Between means t-test Anova Friedman test Kruskal wallis test sign tests rank sum test ```
62
What tests do you use for differences between distributions?
Chi-square(for goodness of fit and independence)
63
What tests do you use for differences between variances?
F-test | parametric tests
64
What does a difference between means ask?
whether samples come from populations with different means
65
What do t-test compare
the means of two parametric samples
66
What does the sign test compare
two paired non-parametric samples
67
What does the friedman test compare
more than two non-parametric samples
68
What does the rank sum test compare?
the means of two non-parametric samples
69
What does the Kuskal wallis test compare?
more than two non-parametric non-paired samples
70
What does a regression look for?
a functional relationship between two continuous variables
71
What does a regression assume?
a change in x causes a change in y

Research in Physical Activity (3 decks)

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