exam 2

Question 1

Neural structure associated with Executive function

Answer 1

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 2

Neural structure associated with personality

Answer 2

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Question 3

Executive cognitive functions

Answer 3

Planning, Monitoring, Switching, inhibiting

Question 4

Tests of executive functioning

Answer 4

Wisconsin Card Sorting test, Trail making test,

Question 5

Tests of problem solving

Answer 5

Verbal fluency test, DKEFS: tower test, figural fluency (free, fixed), Continous performance test, mazes, stroop, tower of hanoi, clock drawing

Question 6

Verbal Fluency test

Answer 6

“fuck ass shit” test, name all words that start with F, those with frontal lobe damage will perseverate on one word, like fuck, or names (not allowed in test) when switch to A they will go back to F.

Question 7

Figural fluency (fixed)

Answer 7

connect dots in novel ways,

Question 8

Figural Fluency test (free)

Answer 8

tests divergent thinking, cognitive set switching, planning strategy, and executive functions. Draw as many unigue designs as possible in 60s intervals

Question 9

Continuous performance test

Answer 9

Measure of attention and inhibition: press button for every design but X, originally designed to test schizofrenia

Question 10

Mazes

Answer 10

inhibit responses, plan ahead, a test of frontal lobe function

Question 11

abulia (amotivational syndrome)

Answer 11

lack of will or initiation, damage to anterior cingulate ( medial frontal), distinguish from depression by asking if they are happy

Question 12

Metacognitive processess (location, features)

Answer 12

Frontal pole, right. integrates aspects of personality, social cogntition, appreciation of humor

Question 13

Witzelsucht

Answer 13

condition in which one makes puns, inappropriate social comment, losses appreciation of sarcasm, right frontal damage

Question 14

Processes if life associated with frontal cortex

Answer 14

Volition, Plan/recal, program, implement, monitor, adjust

Question 15

Disinhibition syndrome

Answer 15

inferior frontal, orbitomedial cortex, irritability, paranoia, witzelsucht, hyperreactivity, impulsivity, disinhibited insticntual behavior

Question 16

Executive dysfunction

Answer 16

Dorsolateral pfc, cognitive deficits (planning etc)

Question 17

anosognosia

Answer 17

lacking insight into one’s condition

Question 18

Attentional system

Answer 18

Reticular activating system(coma), thalamic projections(Obtuned, losing conciousness if not shaken), frontal thalamic gating system (distractibility, severe+Akinetic mustims (inert, speechless)

Question 19

causes of frontal lobe dysfunction

Answer 19

TBI, Demnetia (Pick’s), Tumors, Strokes, Infections, Schizophrenia, OCD, Lobotomie

Question 20

Egas Moniz

Answer 20

First lobotomist

Question 21

Dyslexia

Answer 21

inability to distinguish phonemes when close together in sequence

Question 22

Visuoperception in temporal lobes

Answer 22

Visual closure, tracking anomolies, facial recognition, subtle visual cues

Question 23

Aphasia

Answer 23

language disfunction, usually result of strokes

Question 24

dysarthria

Answer 24

difficulties in articulation

Question 25

central v peripheal dysarthria

Answer 25

central = cordical (damage to motor strip), peripheal = something like a broken jaw

Question 26

Fluent v nonfluent

Answer 26

Fluent = 100, 200 words per minute, parsody, Nonfluent = 50 words per minute, difficulty with enunciation, substitutes words

Question 27

Dysnomia

Answer 27

difficulty finding the right words, present in dementia

Question 28

arcuate fasciculus

Answer 28

connect comprehension area (Broca's) with speech production area (wernicke's). Damage = understands but cannot repeat back sentences

Question 29

Palilalic/ Lalic speech

Answer 29

repeating what a person has said or what others has said. implies frontal lobe lesions

Question 30

paraphasias

Answer 30

unintended word

Question 31

Literal (phonemic) paraphasias

Answer 31

sounds like word but not right word

Question 32

verbal paraphasias

Answer 32

semantic(related but not right), random (completely unrelated), perseverative (same word over and over in different contexts), neologistic (making up words)

Question 33

Agraphia

Answer 33

inability to write the word you want to wright

Question 34

Dysphasia

Answer 34

reduction or impairment of a function

Question 35

Broca's aphasia

Answer 35

fluency = poor, Comp = good(not 100%) rep, poor, nameing, poor

Question 36

Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 36

Fluency = good, comp=poor, rep=poor, naming=poor

Question 37

Global aphasia

Answer 37

fluency, comprehension, rep, naming all poor

Question 38

Anomic aphasia

Answer 38

Fluency, comp, rep = good, Naming=poor

Question 39

William James

Answer 39

Short term memory, 7(+/-2)

Question 40

William scoville

Answer 40

operated on HM

Question 41

anterograde amnesia

Answer 41

inability to make memories

Question 42

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 42

inability to recall old memories

Question 43

Stages of memory

Answer 43

Processing, endcoding, consolidation, retrieval

Question 44

Declaritive v implicit memory

Answer 44

Declaritive = facts and knowledge Implicit=motor memory, not articulable

Question 45

Pseudobulbar affect

Answer 45

disinhibited crying system, person will spontaniously cry

Question 46

Semantic v episodic

Answer 46

apsects of declaritive memory, smantic = words and language, episodic=personal, narative, memories of where you were when X event happened

Question 47

Patient NA

Answer 47

damage left dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus, deense anterograde amnesia for verbal information

Question 48

Acetylcholine

Answer 48

primary to memory, "lube of brain" preventing break down of this only treatment for alzhiemers

Question 49

Nucleus basalis of meynert

Answer 49

main producer of acetylcholine

Question 50

NMDA antagonists

Answer 50

block LTP, PCP, Ketamine, ETOH, &ect will also do this

Question 51

Transient global amnesia

Answer 51

rapid onset of global amnesia, no memories of recent past, less than 24 hours (ave 5.5) unable to update information, identity not lost

Question 52

Anoxia

Answer 52

loss of oxygen to brain, CA1 dies off, lose the ability to make new memoryes

Question 53

Herpes encephalitis

Answer 53

virus that affects temporal lobes

Question 54

Wernicke's korsakoff's syndrome

Answer 54

alchohalism leads to b1 vitamin deficiency resulting in damage results in dense anterograde amnesia, confabulation, some retrograde amnesia, apathy

Question 55

True amnestic disorders

Answer 55

Anoxia, Herpes encephalitis, CVA, TBI, Wernicke's Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 56

Conditions to rule out with memory problems

Answer 56

Depression, ADHD, PTSD, Malingering