Exam 2

Question 1

pyelonephritis

Answer 1

• upper UTI

- UTI travels from the urethra or bladder to the kidneys

Question 2

A lower UTI is called…

Answer 2

cystitis, urethritis, or prostatitis

Question 3

Acute cystitis is often caused by…

Answer 3

E. coli

Question 4

Amoxicillin may interact with allopurinol and cause a…

Answer 4

rash

Question 5

Amoxicillin may decrease the effectiveness of…

Answer 5

oral contraceptives

Question 6

amoxicillin mixed with aminoglycoside in an IV solution =

Answer 6

both drugs are inactivated

Question 7

tetracycline patient teaching

Answer 7

photosensitivity, report signs of superinfection, reduced oral contraceptive effectiveness, out of date drug becomes toxic, do not use in first or last trimester or with children

Question 8

Gentamicin increases which labs?

Answer 8

BUN, AST, ALT, LDH, bilirubin, creatinine

Question 9

Gentamicin decreases which labs?

Answer 9

serum potassium and magnesium

Question 10

Gentamicin has a rapid onset with…

Answer 10

peak in 30 minutes to 1 hour

Question 11

ceftriaxone cross sensitivity

Answer 11

cephalosporins, gallbladder disease, colitis, renal impairment

Question 12

Ciprofloxacin may cause…

Answer 12

tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, exacerbation of myasthenia gravis

Question 13

sulfonamides patient teaching

Answer 13

photosensitivity, drink lots of water, avoid in last trimester, watching for bleeding & have CBC on a regular basis, do not take with antacids

Question 14

Beclomethasone is a…

Answer 14

nasal spray/steroid

Question 15

How can a patient taking beclomethasone avoid rebound congestion?

Answer 15

no more than 1-2 puffs 4-6 times per day for 5-7 days

Question 16

Montelukast is a treatment for…

Answer 16

asthma

Question 17

montelukast patient teaching

Answer 17

• liver function tests
• do not take St. John’s wort
• black or green tea with guarana may cause increased stimulation
• after opening packet, administer dose within 15 minutes

Question 18

Albuterol at high doses may cause…

Answer 18

tremors, headaches, nervousness, tachycardia, palpitations

Question 19

Albuterol may increase…

Answer 19

blood glucose (patients with diabetes should monitor)

Question 20

Prednisone is a…

Answer 20

glucocorticoid/steroid

Question 21

Phenylephrine is a…

Answer 21

nasal spray

Question 22

phenylephrine side effects

Answer 22

jittery, nervousness, restlessness, hypertension, hyperglycemia

Question 23

Extended use of phenylephrine can lead to..

Answer 23

rebound congestion

Question 24

Guaifenesin is used for…

Answer 24

cough and common cold

Question 25

guaifenesin side effects

Answer 25

drowsiness, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 26

Diphenhydramine is a...

Answer 26

antihistamine

Question 27

diphenhydramine patient teaching

Answer 27

- avoid driving, alcohol, CNS depressants - children are more likely to have nightmares, nervousness, and irritability - mouth dryness may occur

Question 28

Furosemide is a...

Answer 28

loop diuretic

Question 29

furosemide patient teaching

Answer 29

- take in the morning and with food | - rise slowly to prevent dizziness

Question 30

diuretics patient teaching

Answer 30

- licorice may cause potassium loss (hypokalemia) | - hawthorn may cause hypotension

Question 31

Thiazides are...

Answer 31

diuretics

Question 32

thiazide patient teaching

Answer 32

- take in the morning to avoid nocturia - avoid aloe, gingko, licorice, and hawthorn - can cause orthostatic hypotension - hyperglycemia and photosensitivity - replace potassium lost through urine

Question 33

(Blank) is a potassium-sparing diuretic.

Answer 33

spironolactone

Question 34

spironolactone contraindications

Answer 34

ACE inhibitors, poor renal function

Question 35

loop diuretic that is more potent than furosemide

Answer 35

bumetanide

Question 36

bumetanide side effects

Answer 36

- fluid and electrolyte imbalances - orthostatic hypotension - metabolic alkalosis (can worsen hypokalemia)

Question 37

Mannitol is a (blank) used to decrease (blank) and prevent (blank).

Answer 37

osmotic diuretic, ICP/IOP, kidney failure

Question 38

mannitol side effects

Answer 38

fluid and electrolyte imbalances, pulmonary edema, nausea and vomiting, tachycardia, acidosis

Question 39

Nitrofurantoin is used for...

Answer 39

UTI

Question 40

Nitrofurantoin patient teaching

Answer 40

rinse mouth, avoid antacids, urine may turn brown

Question 41

Phenazopyridine is a...

Answer 41

urinary analgesic

Question 42

phenazopyridine patient teaching

Answer 42

- urine becomes reddish orange | - can alter glucose urine test (use blood test)

Question 43

Tolterodine is used to...

Answer 43

control OAB

Question 44

Tolterodine and solifenacin succinate are...

Answer 44

antimuscarinic/anticholinergic drugs