Exam 2 (abnormal Lung Sounds) Flashcards
(29 cards)
What does pleural rub sound like?
Think of pebbles rubbing together, low-pitched (discontinuous) grating sound
What region is pleural rub heard?
Axilla and lung bases
Is pleural rub unilateral, bilateral, or both?
Pleural rub can be auscultated unilaterally and bilaterally
What causes pleural rub? Does it occur on inhaling or exhaling?
Pleural tissue becomes inflamed and loses lubricantes fluid, so pleural layers rub together creating grating sound.
It’s can occur on both inhalation and exhalation
What is the clinical significance of pleural rub? (What conditions and treatments are associated with it?)
- emphysema (causes chronic inflammation) would cause bilateral pleural rubbing sounds and is treated with incentive spirometer
- pneumonia/viral lung infections would cause unilateral pleural rub sounds; treatment is antibiotics
Fine crackles sound
Soft, high pitched discontinuous popping sound that occurs bilaterally
Where are fine crackles heard mainly?
Lung bases
Do fine crackles occur on inspiration or expiration?
Inhalation (late)
What causes fine crackles to happen?
Alveoli pop open from inflammation or congestion, think lung consolidated
What is the clinical significance of fine crackles? (What conditions and tx)
- pulmonary edema is treated with diuretics and fluid restrictions
- atelectasis is treated with C and DB and incentive spirometer
- pneumonia is treated with ABX and increasing fluids
How do coarse crackles sound?
Harsh discontinuous popping sound
Where are coarse crackles heard?
Bases mainly but can be heard all over
Do coarse crackles occur on inspiration or expiration?
inspiration (early)
What is the clinical significance of coarse crackles? (Conditions and tx)
- pulmonary edema is treated with diuretics, colloids fluid restrictions, possibly intubation
- cystic fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis
- pneumonia is treated with antibiotics
- death rattle
What do wheezes sound like?
Musical high pitched continuous sound
Where are wheezes heard?
Upper chest, bronchi (large airways)
What causes wheezing to occur?
Narrowed airway (bronchoconstriction)
Is wheezing heard on expiration or inspiration?
Mainly heard on expiration but can be both
What is the clinical significance of wheezing? (Conditions and treatments)
- asthma, COPD excacerbations, bronchospasms, bronchitis, edema
- bronchodilators (albuterol) and corticosteroids (methylprednisone)
What does Ronchi sound like?
Snoring like low-pitched rattle
Where is ronchi heard?
Anterior chest in trachea, bronchi, and upper lungs
What causes ronchi?
Narrow passage way, can be associated with lotssssss of secretions
Does ronchi occur on inspiration or expiration?
Expiration
What conditions are associated with ronchi?
- Patients who are intubated (trach or ETT), treated by suctioning
-throat cancer causes excess secretions
