Exam 2: aerobic exercise physiology

Question 1

T or F: Mitochondrial size and density decrease with aerobic training

Answer 1

F; increase

Question 2

T or F; oxidative enzyme concentrations increase with Aerobic training

Answer 2

T

Question 3

T or F: myoglobin concentration and capillarization in muscle bed increase with aerobic exercise

Answer 3

T

Question 4

T or F: arteriovenous oxygen difference and muscle myoglobin decrease with aerobic exercise

Answer 4

F; increase

Question 5

T or F: Carbs are not used more efficiently with aerobic exercise

Answer 5

F; better utilization of carbs

Question 6

T or F: Type I and Type III fibers increase aerobic potention

Answer 6

F; Type I and II

Question 7

how fast does O2 passively transfer from alveoli to blood

Answer 7

.25 seconds

Question 8

when does the saturation of Hbg change significantly? (otherwise changes little)

Answer 8

pO2 < 60 mmHg

Question 9

when is oxygen released

Answer 9

increased temperature and decreased pH (more acidic)

Question 10

how is ventilation regulated?

Answer 10

1. central command
2. metabolic demands
3. peripheral sensory feedback mechanism
   recovery

Question 11

how do you calculate mean arterial pressure

Answer 11

DBP + ( 1/3 (SBP-DBP))

Question 12

provides a non invasive estimate of cardiac oxygen consumption

Answer 12

Rate Pressure Product RPP

Question 13

Systolic BP x HR

Answer 13

Rate Pressure Product

Question 14

normal range for RPP at rest and exercise:

Answer 14

rest: 6,000
exercise: 40,000

Question 15

What is a major key when dealing with RPP?

Answer 15

anginal threshold, keep RPP below this

Question 16

Fick equation

Answer 16

VO2max = Q x a-vo2 diff

Question 17

cardiac output equation

Answer 17

Q= HR x SV

Question 18

if the SV is maxed the HR must?

Answer 18

compensate; ex: MI

Question 19

if you increase your preload your:

Answer 19

output is stronger
stronger contraction
increased volume output

Question 20

blood coming back to R heart

Answer 20

preload

Question 21

contractility

Answer 21

inotropic state

Question 22

what is a negative factor, increase SBP and causes more back pressure for L ventrical

Answer 22

afterload

Question 23

define metabolic equivalent

Answer 23

3.5 ml O2/kg body weight/min activity at rest

Question 24

resting oxygen utilization

Answer 24

MET

Question 25

increasing MET levels correlate with

Answer 25

increasing work demands

Question 26

how many kcal/L O2 are consumed in a MET

Answer 26

5

Question 27

when HR works more to get same amount of blood (SV) to body

Answer 27

MI

Question 28

how many METs do college athlete use

Answer 28

50-60

Question 29

how many METs do elite athletes use:

Answer 29

85 VO2 max

Question 30

How do you calculate kcal/min (energy expenditure)

Answer 30

(METS x 3.5 x kg BW) / 200

Question 31

what is poiseuille's law

Answer 31

how blood can flow

Question 32

Red flag for hemoglobin levels

Answer 32

< 8 g/dL; normal 40-45%

Question 33

Red Flag for hematocrit levels for exercise

Answer 33

< 25%

Question 34

red flag for O2 saturation levels for exercise

Answer 34

< 90%

Question 35

what is karvonenes formula used for

Answer 35

to determine target hearth rate for exercise prescription

Question 36

what is the error range for THR

Answer 36

+/- 10 bpm

Question 37

two times when heart rate decreases

Answer 37

- rest | - during submit exercise after training for 6-8 wks

Question 38

what controls the HR

Answer 38

autonomic nervous system

Question 39

LVEDV

Answer 39

increased filling time; Starlings Law

Question 40

allows an improved length tension association so that the ventricle may contract more forcefully

Answer 40

Pre-Load; starlings law

Question 41

Components of SV

Answer 41

increased filling time coronary arteries fill during diastole valsalva maneuver body position

Question 42

effects of the valsalva maneuver

Answer 42

decreased stroke volume due to the decreased venous return | decrease SV and Preload

Question 43

how can you increase preload:

Answer 43

laying, no gravity, decreased HR, same CO

Question 44

closed glottis, holding breath and contracting thorax and abdominals

Answer 44

valsalva

Question 45

What is the normal ejection fraction fro contractility

Answer 45

65-70%

Question 46

Positive inotropic effect

Answer 46

heart able to produce a stronger muscle contraction after training;

Question 47

HR is an indirect measure of what

Answer 47

myocardial oxygen demand

Question 48

how much O2 does skeletal muscles use during rest

Answer 48

small percent; 25% ---75% on reserve

Question 49

how much O2 does cordial muscle use during rest?

Answer 49

large percent; 75% --- 25% on reserve

Question 50

where does peripheral adaptation improve a-vO2 difference

Answer 50

skeletal muscle rather than heart lungs or supply of blood flow

Question 51

what decreases resting and submit BP

Answer 51

training

Question 52

what BP increases linearly during an exercise bout

Answer 52

SBP

Question 53

what BP stays the same or may decline slightly during exercise bout

Answer 53

DBP

Question 54

does the upper or lower extremities increase BP and HR to a greater extent

Answer 54

upper

Question 55

muscle blood flow increase to

Answer 55

80% of Q during exercise

Question 56

during exercise where does extra blood flow come from

Answer 56

digestive tract

Question 57

what local factors increase blood flow

Answer 57

``` local hypoxia increased temperature carbon dioxide acidity adenosine magnesium potassium ```

Question 58

oxygen uptake at which an increase in work load no longer produces an increase in oxygen uptake

Answer 58

Maximal Aerobic Power/Capacity