Exam #2 Anthro 005 Flashcards
(35 cards)
What is an allele?
alternative form for a specific gene, different alleles code for different forms of a trait
What are the four evolutionary forces?
Natural Selection
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Mutation
What is the definition of evolution?
A change in gene frequency within a population overtime
How is reproductive success important?
It results in the genes being passed off, even if you are strong, if you can’t reproduce- your genes will not be passed on.
What are the alleles of Beta-globin?
A and S
Which one of the alleles cause sickle cell anemia?
The S allele
What are the health effects of sickle cell anemia?
Can cause premature death, damage organs and nerves, low oxygen
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral and lipid storage, and Blood cell formation
What are the seven key features of long bones?
Diaphysis- shaft
Epiphyses- ends of bone
Articular Cartilage- covers bone
Metaphysis- place where diphysis and epiphysis meet, or plate of cartilage in young bones
Epiphyseal Line- remnant of epiphyseal plate
Periosteum- connective tissue that covers the bone except where AC is; source of new bone cell production and connection of nerves.
Marrow Cavity- Hollow canal, yellow marrow inside
What are the types of bone tissue?
Compact or dense bone
Spongy bone (aka cancellous or trabecular)
What is the Midsagittal (Medial) Plane?
divides the body into left and right equal halves
What is the Coronal (Frontal) Plane?
Divides the body into front and back portions
What is the Transverse (Horizontal) Plane?
Divides the body into upper and lower parts
What is Medial and Lateral?
Medial- Closer to the midline or median plane
Lateral- Farther from midline or median plane
What is Anterior and Posterior?
Anterior- Towards the front
Posterior-Towards the back
What is Superior and Inferior?
Superior- above
Inferior- below
What is Superficial and Deep?
Superficial- closer to bodies surface
Deep- internal
What is Proximal and Distal?
Proximal- closer to the attachment of the limb
Distal- away from the attachment of the limb
What is Ventral and Dorsal?
ANIMALS ONLY
Ventral- closer to belly
Dorsal- closer to back
What is Cranial and Caudal?
ANIMALS ONLY
Cranial- closer to head
Caudal- closer to tip of tail
What are Processes and where do they appear?
Raised areas on bone, appear where tendons of muscle attach
What are Foramina and what are they used for?
Holes or Canals, made for vessels and nerves to pass through in bone
What is Head?
A dome shaped articular projection
What is Ridge?
A raised elongated area of bone
