Exam 2:Appendages and internal structures

Question 1

_________ are long, semi rigid and filamentous appendage, aids in motility.-acts as a spinning motor, propels cell in forward direction-_______ motility involves expenditure of cellular energy

Answer 1

flagella

Question 2

Flagellum has 3 basic parts(acts like PAMP)_______ long whiplike structure of constant diameter -no covering - structural component globular protein

Answer 2

Filament

Question 3

Flagellum has 3 basic parts(acts like PAMP)_______ wider part to which filament is attached

Answer 3

Hook

Question 4

Flagellum has 3 basic parts(acts like PAMP)_______ anchors flagellum to the cell wall and membrane-includes a central rod inserted into a series of ringsGram Positive _______Gram Negative _______

Answer 4

Basal BodyGram positive - one pair of rings which is attached to plasma membrane.Gram negative - two pair of ringsouter pair attaches to cell wallinner pair attaches to plasma membrane

Question 5

Flagella arrangement:______ single polar flagella ex. pseudomonas aeroginosa

Answer 5

monotrichous

Question 6

Flagella arrangement:_____ flagella distributed over entire surface, functions in unison as a single unit

Answer 6

peritrichous

Question 7

Flagella arrangement:_______ tuft of flagella at each end of cellex. spirlillum voutans

Answer 7

amphitrichous

Question 8

flagella arrangement:______ two or more flagella at at one pole of cellex: helicobacter pylorii, helps bacteria to cross the mucosal coating of the intestinal epithelium (virulence factor)

Answer 8

lophotrichous

Question 9

chemical (chemotaxis)attractant (ex.nutrient) cells move towards it ______repellent (ex.toxic, heat) cells move away from it ________

Answer 9

positive taxisnegative taxis

Question 10

Chemotaxis:attractant more ____ of longer duration and _____repellent more _____ and _______

Answer 10

run of longer duration and less tumblesmore tumbles and less run

Question 11

chemotaxis:______ sustained unidirectional movement

Answer 11

runs

Question 12

______ sudden stop, cells rolls over several times. changes direction and resume run

Answer 12

tumbles

Question 13

______ also called sex ____ or F ____ or conjugation______ are shorter than flagella-usually 1-10 sex ___ per cells-aids in joining cells of opposite mating typesduring conjugation process is one of the ways by which cells exchange genetic material

Answer 13

pili (pilius)

Question 14

________ (variation of pili)_______ numbers varies (few to thousands) distributed throughout or have polar concentration-aids in attachment to substrate as well as to one another -harbors _______ , ether at the tip or all along its length

Answer 14

FimbriaeHarbors adhesin Note: pili and fimbriae have piling proteins

Question 15

Attaches to cells lining the urogential system (urethra and vagina) not other place

Answer 15

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and pathogenesis

Question 16

Which juice helps with UTI which Directly filter from kidney and do not detoxyfiedIt strips off bacteria and flush out E.Coli

Answer 16

Cranberry

Question 17

Bordetella have and helps

Answer 17

Adhensins and secure

Question 18

_______ present in spirochetes Ex: treponema palliolion and Lyme disease pathogen There is an Luther sheath membrane below which are fibrils (axial filaments)-sheath is anchored at one end and spirals around cells-uses cork screw motion to drill into viscous tissues of their host

Answer 18

Endoflagella

Question 19

__________ its single circular double stranded DNA molecule. (Supercooled)-anchored to plasma membrane; confined in nucleoid area

Answer 19

Chromosomes

Question 20

______ small, extrachromosomal DNA molecules-self replicating units-are not required for metabolism / survival under normal condition It doesn’t encode any “house keeping gene” but provides selective advantages to bacteria cell-function of _____carry genes for activities such as -antibiotics resistance-toxins production

Answer 20

Plasmids

Question 21

_____ is associated with Bacterial translation -are smaller, less dense than eukaryotes ________ (70s vs 80s)-made of 2 subunits; preferred target site of some antibiotics actionBacteria ______. ____S _____ small subunit_____ large subunitEukaryotes ______ _____S_____ small subunit_____ large subunit

Answer 21

Ribosomes Bacterial ribosomes 70s30s small 50s largeEukaryotes ribosomes 80s40s small 60s large

Question 22

Plasma types : ______ codes for sex pili (f pili)-involved in conjunction process

Answer 22

Fertility plasmid

Question 23

Plasmid type:________ carry resistance genes for antimicrobial agents -have both origin of transfer genes as well as _______ genes -are self transmissionable plasmid (don’t need help of F plasmid)

Answer 23

Resistance plasmids

Question 24

Plasmid type:Carry genes for the _______Roles of ______ toxin Kill other competing bacteria cells that don’t have bacteria plasmid

Answer 24

Bacteriocin plasmid

Question 25

Plasmid type: Carry genetic information for ______structures enzymes or toxin

Answer 25

Virulence plasmid

Question 26

______have 2 plasmidsCapsule - poly D glutamic acidsAnthrax toxin 3 parts toxin

Answer 26

Bacillus anthracis

Question 27

________ represents polyphosphate granules

• can be degraded and used as iP source for PL, ATP, nucleic acid, teichic acid
• stains red with some blue dyes (methylene blue)
• characteristic feature of corynebacterium diptheriae

Answer 27

metachromatic granules

(aka storage granules “nonfunctional unit)

Question 28

__________ includes starch and glycogen

• they are storage depot for carbon and energy source
• clinically useful for chlamydia sps indentification

Answer 28

polysaccharides granules

Question 29

_________ represented by inclusions of poly B-hydroxy butyric acid(PBB) surrounded by monolayer membrane “cytoplasm”

• like polysaccharide, they are carbon and energy storage polymer
• observed in mycobacterium

Answer 29

Lipid inclusion

Question 30

_____ are refractile structures; commonly made by the gram positive

• produced in response to unfavorable conditions
• single bacterium make one spore “spore dormant structures and highly resistant to harsh environments
• spores contain DNA, RNA, ribosomes and dipicolinic acid accompanied by increased Ca ions

Answer 30

endospores

Question 31

_____ is the process of endospore formation within vegetative cell

Answer 31

sporulation

Question 32

_______ is the process by which the endospore returns to the vegetative cell

Answer 32

germination