Exam 2 Arthrology

Question 1

joints

articulations

Answer 1

1. point of contact between bones, bones and cartilage, and bones and teeth
2. functions to: (a) support the body and protect organs, (b) permit effective movements
3. have varying degrees of mobility
4. classified based on structure or function

Question 2

structural classification

Answer 2

bony
fibrous
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 3

bony joints

Answer 3

gap between two bones ossifies and they become one bone

Question 4

fibrous joints

Answer 4

no joint cavity present, bones held together by fibrous connective tissue

Question 5

cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

no joint cavity present, bone held together by cartilage

Question 6

synovial joints

Answer 6

fluid-filled joint cavity separates the articulating surfaces

Question 7

functional classification

Answer 7

synostosis (together, bone)
synarthrosis (together, joint)
amphiarthrosis (slightly mobile)
diarthrosis (freely mobile)

Question 8

synostosis

Answer 8

1. bony joints can result from ossification of either fibrous or cartilaginous joints
   i. e. right and left frontal or mandibular bones (infant); cranial sutures obliterate; cranial bones fuse (older adults)

Question 9

fibrous joint types

Answer 9

sutures
gomphoses
syndesmoses

Question 10

sutures

Answer 10

synarthrosis
fibers very short, little to no mobility
i.e. skull bones

Question 11

gomphoses

Answer 11

synarthrosis
fibers very short, little to no mobility
i.e. tooth attached to socket

Question 12

syndesmoses

Answer 12

amphiarthrosis
fibers are longer, allows for some movement
i.e. interosseous membrane between radius, ulna; distal end of tibia fibula

Question 13

suture classification

Answer 13

serrate
lap
plane

Question 14

cartilaginous joints

Answer 14

synchondrosis

symphysis

Question 15

synchondrosis

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage
synarthrosis
i.e. 1st costosternal jt., epiphyseal plate

Question 16

symphysis

Answer 16

fibrocartilage
amphiarthrosis
i.e. pubic symphysis, IVD, manubriosternal jt.

Question 17

How would you classify intervertebral joints of the sacrum and coccyx in the middle-aged adult?

Answer 17

synarthrosis
cartilaginous
amphiarthrosis

Question 18

synovial joints

Answer 18

aka diarthrosis

1. most structurally complex
2. varying degrees of mobility
3. most likely to develop crippling dysfunctions

Question 19

synovial joint anatomy

Answer 19

1. surfaces of bone covered with articular cartilage

2. separated by joint cavity with synovial fluid

Question 20

joint capsule

Answer 20

outer fibrous: continuous with periosteum

inner synovial: cellular

Question 21

articular disc

Answer 21

fibrocartilage pad that crosses the entire joint capsule

Question 22

meniscus

Answer 22

fibrocartilage pad that does NOT cross the entire joint capsule

Question 23

tendons

Answer 23

sheet of tough collagenous CT attaching muscle to bone

Question 24

ligaments

Answer 24

similar tissue connecting bone to bone

Question 25

bursa

Answer 25

fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid; located between adjacent muscles, between bone and skin, or where tendons pass over bone

Question 26

tendon sheaths

Answer 26

bursae that are elongated cylinders wrapped around a tendon, present in the hand and foot

Question 27

ginglymus

Answer 27

hinge typically uniaxial flexio, extension i.e. interphalangeal, cubital, talocrural jts.

Question 28

trochoid

Answer 28

pivot typically uniaxial rotation i.e. atlantoaxial, proximal radioulnar jts.

Question 29

condyloid

Answer 29

ellipsoidal typically biaxial flexion, extension, abduction, adduction i.e. metacarpophalangial, radiocarpal, knee*, atlantooccipital*, temporomandibular* jts.

Question 30

sellar

Answer 30

saddle typically biaxial flexion, extension, abduction, adduction i.e. carpometacarpal of thumb, sternoclavicular* jts.

Question 31

plane

Answer 31

gliding typically multiracial flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation zygapophyseal, sternocostal, intercarpal/tarsal, acromioclavicular, costovertebral, sacroiliac* jts.

Question 32

spheroid

Answer 32

ball and socket typically multiaxial flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation glenohumeral, coxofemoral jts.

Question 33

TMJ

Answer 33

elements of hinge, condylar, plane

Question 34

glenohumeral joint

Answer 34

shoulder joint | synovial, diarthrosis, multiaxial

Question 35

glenoid labrum

Answer 35

fibrocartilage ring that creates a deeper socket at the GH joint

Question 36

GH ligaments

Answer 36

coracohumeral, transvers humeral, 3 glenohumeral ligaments

Question 37

GH tendons

Answer 37

rotator cuff, biceps brachii

Question 38

GH bursae

Answer 38

subcoracoid, sub scapular, subacromial, subdeltoid

Question 39

elbow

Answer 39

humeroulnar joint humeroradial joint radioulnar joint

Question 40

elbow ligaments

Answer 40

radial and ulnar collateral

Question 41

elbow bursae

Answer 41

olecranon

Question 42

coxal joint

Answer 42

hip joint | synovial, diarthrosis, multiaxial

Question 43

acetabular labrum

Answer 43

fibrocartilage ring of hip joint

Question 44

coxal ligaments

Answer 44

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral, ligamentum teres and transverse acetabular ligament

Question 45

knee joint

Answer 45

double condyloid, some rotation tibiofemoral - hinge patellofemoral - plane Medial and lateral meniscus

Question 46

knee ligaments

Answer 46

Anterior cruciate, posterior cruciate, medial and lateral collateral ligaments