Exam 2 B

Question 1

minerals that help are related to bone components (2)

Answer 1

calcium

magnesium

Question 2

minerals that help with bone formation

Answer 2

phosphorus

Question 3

minerals that are associated with fluid-balance (4)

Answer 3

sodium
phosphorus
potassium
chloride

Question 4

minerals that are involved with muscle contractions (4)

Answer 4

sodium
potassium
calcium
magnesium

Question 5

minerals that are associated with acid-base balance (3)

Answer 5

sodium
sulfur
calcium

Question 6

minerals that assist in transmissions of nerve impulses (4)

Answer 6

sodium
potassium
calcium
chloride

Question 7

which mineral is a component of certain B-Vitamins and amino acids?

Answer 7

Sulfur

Question 8

What mineral helps with detoxing the liver?

Answer 8

Sulfur

Question 9

Which mineral is involved with stomach acid?

Answer 9

chloride

Question 10

Which mineral assists more than 300 enzyme systems?

Answer 10

Magnesium

Question 11

Which mineral is antibacterial?

Answer 11

Chloride

Question 12

Which mineral is involved with providing energy to our bodies through ATP?

Answer 12

Phosphorus

Question 13

function of fluoride

Answer 13

development and maintenance of healthy teeth and bones

Question 14

function of iron

Answer 14

component of hemoglobin in blood cells
component of myoglobin in muscle cells
assist many enzyme systems

Question 15

function of magnesese

Answer 15

assist many enzyme systems

synthesis of proteins found in bone and cartlage

Question 16

Function of Zinc

Answer 16

assist in 100 enzyme systems
immune function
growth and sexual maturation
gene regulation

Question 17

function of chronium

Answer 17

glucose transport
metabolism of DNA and RNA
immune function and growth

Question 18

function of copper

Answer 18

assist enzyme systems

iron transport

Question 19

function of iodine

Answer 19

synthesis of thyroid hormones
temperature regulation
reproduction and growth

Question 20

function molybdenum

Answer 20

assist many enzyme systems

Question 21

function of selenium

Answer 21

required for carbohydrate and fat metabolism

Question 22

Source of selenium

Answer 22

nuts
shellfish
meat/fish/poultry
whole grain

Question 23

source of molybdenum

Answer 23

legumes
nuts
grains

Question 24

source of iodine

Answer 24

iodized salt

salt water seafood

Question 25

source of copper

Answer 25

shellfish organ meats nuts legumes

Question 26

source of chronium

Answer 26

whole grains | brewer's yeast

Question 27

source of zinc

Answer 27

meat/fish/poultry fortified cereals legumes

Question 28

source of magnesium

Answer 28

whole grains nuts leafy veggies tea

Question 29

source of iron

Answer 29

meath/fish/poultry fortified cereals legumes spinach

Question 30

source of flouride

Answer 30

``` fish seafood legumes drinking water whole grains ```

Question 31

source of sulfur

Answer 31

protein-rich foods

Question 32

source of magnesium

Answer 32

``` greens whole grains seeds nuts legumes ```

Question 33

sources of calcium

Answer 33

milk/yogurt/cheese sardines collard greens & spinach calcium-fortified juices and milk alternatives.

Question 34

source of sodium

Answer 34

table salt | pickles

Question 35

Chemical name for Vitamin A

Answer 35

retinol retinal retinoic acid

Question 36

function of retinol

Answer 36

eyesight ability to process color sperm production in men and fertilization in women healthy bones and immune system cell differentiation

Question 37

source of vitamin A

Answer 37

beef and chicken liver egg yolks milk Carotenoid precursors (spinach, carrots, mango, apricots, cantaloupe, pumpkin, yams)

Question 38

chemical name for vitamin D

Answer 38

cholecalciferol

Question 39

function of cholecalciferol

Answer 39

regulate blood calcium levels maintain bone health assist cell differentiation

Question 40

source of Vitamin D

Answer 40

canned salmon and mackerel milk fortified cereals

Question 41

Chemical name for vitamin K

Answer 41

phylloquinone menaquinone menadione

Question 42

sources for menadione

Answer 42

kale spinach greens brussel sprouts

Question 43

function of vitamin K

Answer 43

serves as coenzyme during production of specific proteins that assist in blood coagulation and bone metabolism

Question 44

water soluble vitamins

Answer 44

Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K

Question 45

thiamin = ?

Answer 45

Vitamin B1

Question 46

chemical name for vitamin B2

Answer 46

riboflavin

Question 47

function of thiamin

Answer 47

enzyme cofactor for carbs and amino acid metabolism

Question 48

source of vitamin B1

Answer 48

``` pork fortified cereal enriched rice and pasta peas tuna legumes ```

Question 49

function of niacin/nicotinamide/nicotinic acid

Answer 49

required for carb and fat metabolism | plays a role in DNA replication and repair

Question 50

chemical name for vitamin B6

Answer 50

pyridoxine pyridoxal pyridoxine

Question 51

source of pyridoxal

Answer 51

chick peas most cuts of meat/fish/poultry fortified cereals white potatoes

Question 52

function of Vitamin B6

Answer 52

required enzyme cofactor for amino acid metabolism required for DNA synthesis metabolism of homocysteine

Question 53

chemical name for vitamin B12

Answer 53

cobalamin

Question 54

pantothenic acid function

Answer 54

assist in fat metabolism

Question 55

source of pantothenic acid

Answer 55

meat/fish/poultry shitake mushrooms egg yolk fortified cereals

Question 56

biotin function

Answer 56

enzyme cofactor for metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbs

Question 57

source of biotin

Answer 57

nuts | egg yolk

Question 58

ascorbic acid = ?

Answer 58

vitamin C

Question 59

Source of vitamin C

Answer 59

``` sweet peppers citrus fruits and juices broccoli strawberries kiwi ```

Question 60

function of ascorbic acid

Answer 60

antioxidant in extracellular fluid and lungs regenerates oxidized tocopherol enhances immune function assist with collagen synthesis enhances iron absorption assist synthesis of hormones, neurotransmitters, and DNA

Question 61

List the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 61

``` Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Niacin/nicotinmide/nicotinic acid Vitamin B12 Folic acid Pantothenic Acid Biotin Vitamin C ```

Question 62

5 components of an amino acid

Answer 62

``` side chain amine group acid group hydrogen central carbon ```

Question 63

9 nonessential amino acids

Answer 63

``` Phenylalanine Valine Tryptophan Methionine Histidine Leucine Lysine Threonine Isoleucine ```

Question 64

What are the 3 kinds of amino acids?

Answer 64

essential nonessential transamination

Question 65

what does it mean to be a transamination amino acid?

Answer 65

When an amino acid side group and side chain is donated by other amino acids or made from broken down products of carbs and fats

Question 66

What are conditionally essential amino acids?

Answer 66

amino acids that are typically nonessential but considered essential under certain conditions (PKU)

Question 67

how is nitrogen related to protein?

Answer 67

Nitrogen is often used to calculate the amount of protein in a food or in someone. If you consume more nitrogen than you exert, then you are have a + Nitrogen balance (pregnant and children). - Nitrogen balance is when you consume less nitrogen than you exert and this typically happens with elderly and leads to the loss of muscle mass.

Question 68

How do you calculate how much protein you need?

Answer 68

0.8 g Protein/kg of body weight athletes are advised to consume 1.2g to 2.0g per kg 1 kg = 2.2 lb