Exam 2 - beef

Question 1

segmented beef cattle industry

Answer 1

each phase has a new owner - animals are sold as they from one phase to another

Question 2

seedstock producers

Answer 2

purebred animals with particular characteristics that may be more/less desirable for particular producers
fecundity, size, carcass characteristics, etc.
sell to commercial producers

Question 3

commercial producers

Answer 3

sell animals to the marketplace for consumption
use diff breeds and production practices to meet marketplace demands
grain-fed, grass-fed, organic, etc.

Question 4

yearling stock operations

Answer 4

convert grass –> weight

Question 5

feedlots

Answer 5

grain –> beef
feed cattle for weight gain prior to slaughter

Question 6

packers

Answer 6

processing

Question 7

beef production
size
geographic location

Answer 7

small herds = largest # operations, require supplemental income

large herds = small # operations, primary source of income

feedlots in highplains TX, OK, CO, KA, NE, IO = dust problem; central states

Question 8

beef cattle producers are ______

Answer 8

price takers

Question 9

beef production cycle
seasonal breeders?
gestation?

Answer 9

cycle takes a full year
not seasonal breeders - sesonality schedules for feed and marketing
gestation 283 days

Question 10

flow of animals through cow/calf production system

Answer 10

calving period - April-June =cheaper/easier to feed
breeding - june-aug
weaning - october
lactation april-october

Question 11

when is energy demand the highest

Answer 11

lactation/breeding

Question 12

advantages of short breeding season

Answer 12

short calving season
less labor
less calf disease
improved return to breeding
more uniform weaning weights

Question 13

____ is the largest of the world’s land

Answer 13

grazing

Question 14

finished cattle

Answer 14

ready for slaughter

Question 15

non-fed cattle

Answer 15

sent to slaughter after culled (removed from herd)

Question 16

when are beef cattle weaned

Answer 16

7 mo
550 lbs

Question 17

slaughter weight

Answer 17

1400-1450lbs

Question 18

what are cattle fed on feedlots

Answer 18

cereal grains - concentrates
but must be gradual change for the adaptation of rumen microbes

Question 19

pharmacological contributors

Answer 19

implants/hormones
abx
ionophores
repartitioning agents
parasiticides
vx

Question 20

purpose of hormone implants

Answer 20

steroid hormones; implanted in ear
most fed cattle are castrated = negative impact on growth characteristics thus require hormones

Question 21

why do we castrate bulls

Answer 21

behavior
handling
injuries
meat quality
dark cutters

Question 22

1 feedlot disease challenge

what other diseases are common

Answer 22

respiratory disease

GI - bloat, acidosis, infectious
lameness, injury, mortality

Question 23

cow/calf gross revenue

Answer 23

animals sold x weight of animals sold x price per unit weight

Question 24

cow/calf profit

Answer 24

value of calves sold/breeding female vs the cost of producing calves

Question 25

what is the carrying cost

Answer 25

cost of producing calves

Question 26

extensively managed cattle

Answer 26

raised outside - more risks

Question 27

intensively managed cattle

Answer 27

control feed and genetics

Question 28

major problem for cows and calves

Answer 28

dystocia

Question 29

when do majority of calves die

Answer 29

<3 weeks old = perinatal or neonatal due to dystocia, weather and digestive problems >24 hrs < 3 weeks

Question 30

main risk for growing preweaned calves (>3weeks <7mo)

Answer 30

respiratory then GI

Question 31

main risk of mature cows

Answer 31

dystocia, lameness injury, GI

Question 32

beef industry primarily a _______

Answer 32

domestic market

Question 33

cattle trade vs beef trade

Answer 33

cattle trade - import/export of cattle inside/outside country; IMPORT > EXPORT beef trade - import/export of meat; EXPORT > IMPORT