Exam 2 Big Picture Flashcards by Kyle Akers

Alzheimer’s Medication Prototypes

donepezil (Aricept)

memantine (Namendal)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

donezepil (Aricept) interactions and symptoms of interaction

NSAIDS increase risk of GI bleeding leading to:
coffee ground or bloody stools and emesis
dizziness

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

donepezil (Aricept) patient education

Take at bedtime due to drowsy side effects

Monitor for bradycardia, if HR < 60 contact provider

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

memantine (Namendal) interactions

Foods that alkalinize urine

e.g. citrus, vegetables

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

memantine (Namendal) adverse and side effects

Hepatic Impairment
Renal Impairment
Heart Failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Migraine prototype

sumatriptan (Imitrex)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sumatriptan (Imitrex) contraindications

History of MI or Stroke

Risk for CAD/PAD (menopausal women or men over 40)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sumatriptan (Imitrex) interactions

Serotonin-supporting drugs

e.g. St. John’s Wort, SSRI, MAOI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sumatriptan (Imitrex) toxicity name and effects

Serotonin syndrome
Neuromuscular Excitation (tremors, hyperreflexia)
Autonomic Nervous System dysfunction (Elevated BP/HR, fever, flushing, headache)
Altered Mental Status (confusion)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Seizure Disorder Prototypes

phenytoin (Dilantin)
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
valporic acid (Depakote)
gabapentin (Neurontin)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Seizure Medication adverse and side effects

Hepatic Impairment
Renal Impairment
Pancreatits
Depression
Blood Dyscrasia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

phenytoin (Dilantin) patient education and considerations

IV Slowly
No tylenol/alcohol
Don’t stop suddenly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

phenytoin (Dilantin) therapeutic range

10-20 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

carbamazepine (Tegretol) thereputic range

4-12 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

valproic acid (Depakote) therapeutic range

50-100 mcg/mL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

carbamazepin (Tegretol) patient education/considerations

Use different BC
XR Coating can appear in stool
Report signs of fever/infection
Do not take if pregnant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

valproic acid (Depakote) patient education/considerations

Report signs of fever/infection
Use other forms of BC
No Alcohol (CNS Depression)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

gabapentin (Neurontin) summary

Adjunct drug with others 
can cause depression
no alcohol
take at bedtime
ALSO USED FOR DIABETES/NEUROPATHY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Centrally Acting Depressant/Relaxant Prototype

baclofen (Lioresal)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

baclofen (Lioresal) indication/contraindications

Muscle Spasms

Renal Impairment

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

baclofen (Lioresal) patient education/considerations

Fast onset, slow half-life
Taper off
Fall risk/side effects taper with use
IV Via baclofen pump
Monitor for CNS depression

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peripherally Acting Depressant/Relaxant Prototype

Study These Flashcards

dantrolene (Dantrium)

dantrolene (Dantrium) indications/contraindications

Study These Flashcards

Muscle Spasms, -Malignant Hyperthermia-

Liver Impairment

dantrolene (Dantrium) patient education/considerations

Study These Flashcards

Oral for spasms, injectible for Malignant Hyperthermia
Monitor for hepatotoxicity, diarrhea
CNS Depression

Sedative/Hypnotic Prototype

zolpidem (Ambien)

zolpidem (Ambien) patient education/considerations

Black Box Warning: Complex sleep-behaviours Binds to same receptor as Benzos Must set aside 7-8 hours for sleep

Short-Acting Anesthesia Prototype

propofol (Diprivan)

propofol (Diprivan) overview

Fast acting used to induce and during procedures Fast onset, renal and liver tolerable Overdose reduces bp Burns when injected

Benzodiazepine Anesthesia Prototype

midazolam (Versed)

midazolam (Versed) overview

Primary sedation | Education must be in writing due to amnesia effect

Opioid anesthesia prototype

fentanyl (Duragesic & Actiq)

fentanyl (Duragesic & Actiq) overview

Very fast onset (30s - 1m) High potential for abuse Risk of nausea

Anesthetic Overview

Contraindicated by pregnancy Interacts with CNS Depressants (ETOH, Opioids, Benzos) sometimes for benefit Airway is primary importance Risk of Resp. Dep

Neuromuscular Blocker Prototype

succinylcholine (Anectine & Quelicin)

succinylcholine (Anectine & Quelicin) overview

Paralyzes smooth & skeletal muscles for induction and intubation Risk of malignant hyperthermia Extended use can cause spasms Can cause Hyperkalemia

Local Anesthesia Prototype

lidocaine (Xylocaine)

lidocaine (Xylocaine) overview

Blocks nerve conudction in peripheral nervous system | Can cause "spinal headache"

Stimulant Prototypes

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall) | methylphenidate (Ritalin/Concerta)

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall) Administration Overview

Increases effectes of norepinephrine and dopamine in CNS Treats ADHD & Narcolepsy Do not use in uncontrolled hypertension

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall) patient education/considerations

AE/SE: Inc. HR/BP, anxiety, insomnia, dry mouth, wt loss, dysrhythminas Must taper off Take in the morning Take drug holiday (M-F, off weekends) to reduce AE and lower tolerance

methylphenidate (Ritalin/Concerta) considerations

Transdermal 9 hour patch | High potential for abuse

Non-amphetamine stimulant prototype

modafinil (Provigil)

modafinil (Provigil) considerations

For drowsiness/daytime sleepiness (night shift) | Interacts with contraceptives, warfarin, phenytoin

Antiparkinson Drug Prototypes

levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) | selegiline (eldepryl)

levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) contraindications

glaucoma | undiagnosed skin conditions (can activate malignant melanoma)

levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) adverse/side effects and interactions

``` reduced bp orthostatic hypotension constipation dyskenesia darkened sweat and urine B6 reduces effectiveness ```

levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) patient education/considerations

change positions slowly, take on empty stomach, avoid high protein, monitor for constip. watch for "on/off" phenomenon, "wearing off" phenomenon, fall precautions, monitor bp

selegiline (Eldepryl) overview

contraindications for everything caution for orthostatic hypotension interacts with tyramine in Chun foods take as early in day as possible

pramipexole (Mirapex) overview

indicates for RLS start low and slow watch for orthostatic BP, GI Upset avoid CNS depressants

Glucocorticoid Prototypes

methylpredislone (Solu-medrol) | prednisone (Deltasone)

Glucocorticoid contraindications

Diabetics (increased glucose) Osteoperosis (bone demineralization) Transplant patients/Active Infections/Autoimmune (Immunosuppressant) Petpic Ulder/Gastritis (GI Distress from inhibited prostiglandin) Glaucoma (increases intraocular pressure/causes cateract)

Glucocorticoid Education/Consideration

Monitor for contraindications, high cortisol = moon face Avoid Non-K+ Sparing Diuretics, NSAIDs, anti-diabetic drugs live vaccines Must taper due to adrenal crisis

Antigout/Antihyperuricemic Prototype

allopurinol (Zyloprim)

allopurinol (Zyloprim) overview

Reduces production of uric acid Monitor WBC, Anemia Interacts with warfarin - too much blood thinning Metallic taste is normal

Exam 2 Big Picture Flashcards

(54 cards)