exam 2: cardiorespiratory, lungs, pleura, thoracic

Question 1

what view is this from?
label left and right?

Answer 1

ventral view
1. right
2. left

Question 2

Label parts of the right lung

Answer 2

1. caudal lobe
2. middle lobe
3. cranial lobe

(from lateral right/costal view)

Question 3

right lung:
where is the cardiac notch located?

Answer 3

At 3rd - 4th - 5th intercostal spaces

Question 4

The basal( caudal) boarder of the right lung is located at

Answer 4

Question 5

what is highlighted in yellow

Answer 5

Costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 6

what is outlined in red

Answer 6

Caudal border of the diaphragm

Question 7

label 1 and 2 of the right lung from the Medial view (mediastinal view)

Answer 7

1. Hilus
2. Accessory lobe

Question 8

what is being pointed to in blue

Answer 8

Impression of Caudal vena cava

Question 9

label the lobes of the right lung 1-3

Answer 9

1. caudal lobe
2. accessory lobe
3. middle lobe

Question 10

a groove, cleft or the space in an organ where blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and other
ducts (depending the organ) enter or exit through it

Answer 10

Hilus

Question 11

Label the parts of the left lung 1-3

Answer 11

1.Cranial lobe-Cranial part
2.Cranial lobe-Caudal par
3.Caudal lobe

Question 12

what is circled in red

Answer 12

hilus

Question 13

Left ventricle -apex of the heart is located at what intercostal space

Answer 13

5th – 6th intercostal space

Question 14

Basal (caudal) border of the left lung

Answer 14

Question 15

In the trachea there are approximately 35C shaped _________ form the skeleton of the trachea.

Answer 15

hyaline cartilages

Question 16

the trachea has ______ ligaments

Answer 16

Annular

Question 17

label the parts of the trachea

Answer 17

1. cervical
2. thoracic

Question 18

Ridge of the last tracheal cartilage is called

Answer 18

Carina

Question 19

what is being pointed to

Answer 19

Tracheal Bifurcation

Question 20

what is this called

Answer 20

bronchial tree

Question 21

is number 1 the left or right bronchus

Answer 21

1. right bronchus
2. left bronchus

Question 22

what is being pointed to in blue

Answer 22

tracheal bifurcation

Question 23

what is being pointed to

Answer 23

Lobar bronchi
(secondary bronchi)

Question 24

what is being pointed to

Answer 24

Segmental bronchi
(tertiary bronchi)
* Bronchiles
* Alveoli

Question 25

what 2 things do pulmonary ligaments do

Answer 25

– Connect lungs to mediastinum – Stabilize caudal lung lobes

Question 26

what is being pointed to

Answer 26

pulmonary ligaments

Question 27

In the dog the tunica muscularis of the esophagus is composed entirely of ____________ throughout its length

Answer 27

skeletal muscle

Question 28

In the cat there is a transition from skeletal to smooth muscle as the esophagus courses caudally from the _________ to the __________.

Answer 28

pharynx cardia of the stomach

Question 29

cat esophagus: Smooth muscle is the predominant type found in the _____________of the esophagus.

Answer 29

caudal 1/3

Question 30

how many portions are there of the esophagus

Answer 30

Cervical, thoracic & abdominal portions

Question 31

what is blocked out in blue

Answer 31

the esophagus

Question 32

label this portion of the aorta

Answer 32

Aortic arch -Brachiocephalic trunk -Left subclavian a

Question 33

label this portion of the aorta

Answer 33

Descending aorta -Bronchoesophageal a. -Dorsal intercostal aa.

Question 34

label this portion of the aorta

Answer 34

Ascending aorta – Coronary aa

Question 35

Ascending aorta gives rise to the _______________

Answer 35

right and left coronary arteries

Question 36

Coronary arteries supply ___________ blood to the heart

Answer 36

oxygen rich

Question 37

label 1 and 2

Answer 37

1.Left subclavian a 2. Brachiocephalic trunk ❑ Left common carotid a. ❑ Right common carotid a. ❑ Right subclavian a.

Question 38

Label 1-5 of the Left and right subclavian arteries

Answer 38

1. Vertebral a. 2. Costocervical trunk 3. Superficial cervical a 4. Axillary a. 5. Internal thoracic a.

Question 39

List the parts of the descending aorta

Answer 39

1. Dorsal intercostal aa. 2. Bronchoesophageal a.

Question 40

Intercostal arteries: Dorsal intercostal aa. 1-3 arise from __________ 4-13 arise from _________

Answer 40

– 1-3 arise from costocervical trunk – 4-13 arise directly from aorta

Question 41

Intercostal arteries: Ventral intercostal aa. arise from

Answer 41

Arise from internal thoracic a.

Question 42

Intercostal arteries: Dorsal and ventral intercostal arteries _______________

Answer 42

anastomose

Question 43

Intercostal arteries: Additional branches from _____________vessels course cranial to ribs

Answer 43

internal thoracic

Question 44

what is being pointed to in red

Answer 44

Transverse thoracic m.

Question 45

label 1 and 2

Answer 45

1. Internal thoracic vessels 2. Ventral intercostal branches

Question 46

Veins of the thoracic cavity: Label 1-3

Answer 46

1. caudal vena cava 2. azygos v. 3. cranial vena cava

Question 47

Veins of the thoracic cavity: Label 1-3

Answer 47

1. cosrocervical v 2. brachiocephalic v 3. internal thoracic v

Question 48

Only the _______azygos vein develops in the dog and cat (usually)

Answer 48

right

Question 49

what are the 2 functions of the azygos vein

Answer 49

* Collects blood from dorsal intercostal veins * Drains into cranial vena cava or right atrium

Question 50

what vein is being pointed to

Answer 50

Azygos vein

Question 51

label 1 and 2

Answer 51

Veins of the canine thoracic cavity: 1.Dorsal intercostal veins 2. Ventral intercostal veins

Question 52

what does the Ventral intercostal veins drain into

Answer 52

Drain into internal thoracic v

Question 53

what does the Dorsal intercostal veins drain into

Answer 53

Drain into azygos v.

Question 54

What carries lymph from cisterna chyli (at the level of the diaphragm) to the venous system cranial to the heart (usually drains into jugular vein, cranial vena cava or left brachiocephalic vein)

Answer 54

thoracic duct

Question 55

what runs with aorta and azygos v.

Answer 55

thoracic duct

Question 56

Thoracic duct carries lymph from

Answer 56

cisterna chyli

Question 57

the thoracic duct usually drains into

Answer 57

jugular vein, cranial vena cava or left brachiocephalic vein

Question 58

the thoracic duct In the dog, at the level of heart, it passes obliquely from the right to the left, crossing the ____________

Answer 58

esophagus

Question 59

The thoracic duct in the cat is located __________________________

Answer 59

to the left of the aorta in the caudal part of the mediastinum

Question 60

Thoracic duct follows esophagus to the _____________

Answer 60

thoracic inlet

Question 61

Median partition in the thorax; Space between right and left pleural sacs is referred to as

Answer 61

Mediastinum

Question 62

the mediastinum is bounded by

Answer 62

connective tissue and pleura

Question 63

what are the 3 regions of the mediastinum

Answer 63

cranial, middle and caudal

Question 64

is the mediastinum symmetrical

Answer 64

Not symmetrical – deflected to the left in certain places due to larger right lung

Question 65

what is significant about the thickness of the mediastinum

Answer 65

Thickness varies in species – delicate in dog and cat – ruptures easily

Question 66

T/F Mediastinum ruptures easily

Answer 66

true- delicate in dog and cat

Question 67

Thin, loose fold of pleura that surrounds the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve

Answer 67

Plica vena cava(#14)

Question 68

Intermediate lobe of right lung sits in a space (mediastinal recess) formed by the _________________

Answer 68

plica vena cava and mediastinum (#14 on picture)