Exam 2 Cards (Aqueous solutions, Strong/Weak Electrolytes, Enthalpy..)

Question 1

NH4+

Answer 1

Ammonium

Question 2

Charge on Ag

Answer 2

Ag+

Question 3

Carbonate

Answer 3

CO3(2-)

Question 4

Phosphate

Answer 4

PO4(3-)

Question 5

Phosphoric acid

Answer 5

H3PO4

Question 6

Oxidation Rule 1: Sum of oxidation numbers for a neutral compound?

Answer 6

The sum of oxidation numbers for a neutral is ZERO

Question 7

Oxidation Rule 2: Sum of oxidation numbers for a polyatomic ion?

Answer 7

The sum will be the same as the charge of the polyatomic ion

Question 8

Oxidation Number of an atom in its elemental state

Answer 8

0

Question 9

Oxidation Number of a monatomic ion

Answer 9

same as the charge on the ion

Question 10

Oxidation Number of F

Answer 10

ALWAYS -1

Question 11

Oxidation Number of Group 1A?

Answer 11

Always +1

Question 12

Oxidation Number of Group 2A

Answer 12

Always +2

Question 13

Oxidation Number of Aluminum

Answer 13

Always +3

Question 14

Oxidation Number of Hydrogen

Answer 14

if in a compound with NONMETALS: +1

if in a compound with METALS: -1

Question 15

Oxidation Number of Oxygen

Answer 15

Usually -2

Question 16

Units of ΔHfO

Answer 16

kJ/mol

Question 17

Determination of ΔH from ΔHfO values

Answer 17

Summation of (a)(ΔHfO) [products] - Summation of (b)ΔHfO[reactants]

Question 18

micro

Answer 18

10^-6

Question 19

pico

Answer 19

10^-12

Question 20

oxidation numbers of: Cl, Br,I

Answer 20

usually -1

Question 21

cal

Answer 21

calorie: 1 cal = 4.184 J exactly

Question 22

milli

Answer 22

10^-3

Question 23

centi-

Answer 23

10^-2

Question 24

deci-

Answer 24

10^-1

Question 25

giga

Answer 25

10^9

Question 26

mega

Answer 26

10^6

Question 27

kilo

Answer 27

10^3

Question 28

Polyatomic molecules

Answer 28

P4, S8

Question 29

ΔH is dependent on these 4 properties

Answer 29

1. temp 2. pressure 3. concentration 4. physical state of matter

Question 30

Diatomic molecules

Answer 30

Br2, Cl2, F2, O2, N2, I2, H2

Question 31

nano

Answer 31

10^-9

Question 32

C to K

Answer 32

C + 273= K

Question 33

Hess' Law

Answer 33

rearrange the given equations to match the desired equation- be sure to manipulate the ΔH as necessary

Question 34

kcal

Answer 34

kilocalorie 1kcal= 1000 cal, 1 CAL = 1 food calorie

Question 35

standard enthalpy of formation

Answer 35

1 MOL ΔH = ΔHfO

Question 36

q

Answer 36

heat

Question 37

if q

Answer 37

exothermic (energy is being released)

Question 38

if q>0

Answer 38

endothermic (energy is being absorbed)

Question 39

Bomb calorimetry

Answer 39

qrxn= CcalΔT + cH2OMH2OΔT **THIS IS ENDOTHERMIC

Question 40

kJ

Answer 40

1000J

Question 41

Common Strong Bases (4)

Answer 41

M*OH (M = metal group 1A) Ca(OH)2 Sr(OH)2 Ba(OH)2

Question 42

Hydrogen Displacement reaction

Answer 42

M + HX--> MX + H2 (g) M> H2 on activity scale for a reaction M= cation X= anion

Question 43

Metal Hydroxide Bases (Acid-Base neutralization Reactions)

Answer 43

acid + base--> salt + H2O | salt formation: the cation is from the base and the anion is from the acid

Question 44

Metathesis Reactions Rule

Answer 44

AB + CD--> AD + CB A & C = cations B & D= anions

Question 45

Common weak acids

Answer 45

if not listed as strong, then weak

Question 46

common weak bases

Answer 46

NH3

Question 47

Salts

Answer 47

any compound where the anion is NOT OH-

Question 48

Common Strong Acids

Answer 48

``` HCl HBr HI HNO3 H2SO4 HClO4 ```

Question 49

Precipitate Reactions

Answer 49

AB + CD--> AD + CB A/C= cations B/D= anions either AD or CB MUST be insoluble for a reaction to occur

Question 50

c

Answer 50

specific heat (J/gxC)

Question 51

NH3 as a weak base in acid-base neutralization

Answer 51

acid + NH3--> SaltNH+ the cation is NH3, the anion come from the acid the saltNH4+ is ALWAYS soluble

Question 52

Gas formation reaction

Answer 52

metal carbonate + acid --> salt + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) salt formation: anion from acid, cation from carbonate metal carbonate M(CO3(2-))

Question 53

metal displacement reaction

Answer 53

M + M'X --> M' + MX X= anion (goes unchanged) M'= cation M>M' on activity series for a reaction to occur

Question 54

C

Answer 54

heat capacity | C= cm

Question 55

Dilution of a solution

Answer 55

M1V1= M2V2

Question 56

M (molarity)

Answer 56

mol/L

Question 57

Calorimetry equation

Answer 57

q= cmΔT or q= CΔT

Question 58

% yield equation

Answer 58

experimental/theoretical x 100

Question 59

ΔHO--> ΔHOf

Answer 59

elements --> 1 MOL substance

Question 60

ΔT

Answer 60

temperature change (Tfinal-Tinitial)