1. differentiated mature cell 2. surrounded by matrix 3. in lacunae

1. appositional 2. interstitial

1. woven 2. lamellar 3. spongy 4. compact

Exam 2: Ch 6 Flashcards by Jan Doe

F: skeletal system

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell production

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3 components of skeletal system

bone,
cartilage,
tendons and ligaments (connective tissue)

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3 types of cartilage

hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

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F: skeletal system

protection, support, movement, storage, blood cell production

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Hyaline: 2 types of cell

chondoblast

2. chondrocyte

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Hyaline: chondroblast

young cell

2. forms matrix

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Hyaline: chondrocyte

differentiated mature cell
surrounded by matrix
in lacunae

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Hyaline: 2 components of matrix

Collagen

2. proteoglycan

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Hyaline: proteoglycans

proteins that attach to sugars and store water

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Hyaline: amount of cells vs matrix?

even amount of both cells and matrix

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Hyaline: has nerves and blood vessels?

No nerves and no vessels/avascular

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Hyaline: perichondrium

outermost layer

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Fibrocartilage: amount of cells vs matrix?

less cells, more matrix ( = more resistance)

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Fibrocartilage: 3 locations on body map

Vertebrae discs
Pubic symphysis
Underneath the knees

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Elastic cartilage: what is special about their collagen fibers?

tissue elasticity can return

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Elastic cartilage: 2 locations on body map

Epiglottis (flap that covers windpipe)

2. Ear

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Articular cartilage: location on bones?

joints

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2 types of growth

appositional

2. interstitial

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Growth: appositional

new chondrocytes and matrix at periphery

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Growth: interstitial

chondrocytes divide w/in tissue and add matrix btw cells

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connective tissue: amount of cells vs matrix?

more matrix

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4 types of bone

woven
lamellar
spongy
compact

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Woven bone

a. collagen fibers randomly oriented
b. during fetal development
c. during fracture repair

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Lamellar bone

a. Organized
b. has different shapes
c. Has highways
d. mature bone in sheets called lamellae

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Spongy bone

a. Responds to tension b. Located in extremities of long bones c. Located in skull (lighter than compact)

Compact bone

Responds to gravity

3 types of bone cell

1. osteoblast 2. osteocyte 3. osteoclast

which bone cell involved in hematopoietic system?

osteoclast

2 MAIN types of bone

woven and lamellar

which hormone is responsible for increasing bone mass?

testosterone

During endochondral ossification, which part becomes bone first?

diaphysis

Which bone supports all your weight?

talus

F: osteoblast

Formation of bone through ossification or osteogenesis.

ossification

formation of bone by osteoblasts.

osteocytes

Mature bone cells. Surrounded by matrix, but can make small amounts of matrix to maintain it.

lacunae

spaces occupied by osteocyte cell body

canaliculi

canals occupied by osteocyte cell processes

F: osteoclasts

1. resorption of bone 2. release enzymes that digest bone 3. derived from monocytes (from stem cells in red bone marrow)

What do mesenchyme (osteochondral progenitor cells) become?

chondroblasts or osteoblasts

What happens during bone remodeling?

1. removing old bone and adding new | 2. woven bone is remodeled into lamellar bone

Spongy bone: structural unit?

trabeculae

Spongy bone: trabeculae

1. interconnecting rods or plates of bone life scaffolding | 2. filled with marrow

Compact bone: central/Haversian canal:

parallel to long axis

Compact bone: lamellae

1. concentric

Compact bone: structural unit

osteon/Haversian system

Compact bone: perforating/Volkmann's canal

1. perpendicular to long axis | 2. flow of nutrients from osteoblast to next

Ex. long bones

upper and lower limbs

Ex. short bones

carpals and tarsals

ex. flat bones

ribs, sternum, skull, scapulae

ex. irregular bones

vertebrae, facial

Long bone: medullary cavity

children: red to yellow bone marrow

What is spongy bone lined with?

endosteum

Bone development: location of intramembranous ossification

takes place in connective tissue membrane

Bone development: location of endochondral ossification

cartilage

Bone development: centers of ossification

locations in membrane where ossification begins

Bone development: fontanels

large membrane-covered spaces btw developing skull bones; unossified

which is first? intramembranous ossification OR endochondral ossification?

intramembranous ossification

2 types of bone cells part of blood forming unit?

osteoblast and osteocyte

what type of bone is located in skull? makes it lighter

spongy bone

Compact bone: location of interstitial lamellae?

fill in gaps between osteons

Compact bone: location of circumferential lamellae?

surrounds the periphery of bone

D: stress fracture

small cracks on bone due to overuse

what is cartilage ONLY lined with?

perichondrium

bone growth: does articular cartilage ossify?

No, articular cartilage does not ossify

5 zones of epiphyseal plate

1. resting cartilage 2. proliferation 3. hypertrophy 4. calcification (chondrocytes enlarge b/c don't like Ca and P, so Ca and P will die) 5. ossified bone (Chondrocytes die here. Has lots of Ca and P)

osteomalacia

lack of vitamin D during adulthood leading to softening of bones

F: vitamin C

collagen synthesis by osteoblasts

scurvy

deficiency of vitamin C

*Growth H: Site of production

anterior pituitary

*Growth H: Effect

growth interstitial cartilage and bone appositional growth

*Thyroid H: site of production

thyroid

*Thyroid H: effect

growth of all tissues

*Calcitonin: site of production

thyroid (parafollicular cells)

*Calcitonin: stimulus for production

high calcium in blood

*Calcitonin: effect

reduced bone thinning

*Parathyroid H: site of production

chief cells parathyroid gland

*Parathyroid H: stimulus for production

low calcium in blood

*Parathyroid H: effect

enhances bone thinning, Ca

*Sex H: Estrogen: site of production

ovaries

*Sex H: Estrogen: effect

reduces bone reabsorption

*Sex H: Testosterone: site of production

testis

*Sex H: Testosterone: effect

increases bone mass

*4 steps of bone repair

1. hematoma formation (clotting) 2. callus formation 3. callus ossification (callus replaced by woven, spongy bone) 4. bone remodeling (spongy bone replaced by compact bone through osteoclasts)

effects of aging on skeletal system

1. decrease in collagen 2. dec in matrix 3. dec in mass 4 inc fractures

bone fractures: greenstick

incomplete fracture that occurs on the convex side of the curve of a bone

bone fractures: comminuted

complete w/ 2+ pieces

impacted fracture

one fragment is driven into the spongy portion of other fragment

Exam 2: Ch 6 Flashcards

(87 cards)