Exam 2 (ch. 8, 9, 11, 12)

Question 1

How do you calculate BMI

Answer 1

weight (kg) / height (m2 squared)

Question 2

What are the ranges for BMI

Answer 2

Underweight:  less than 18.5
Normal :   18.5-24.9
Overweight: 25- 29.9
Obese class 1:  30-34.9
Obese class 2:  35- 39.9
Obese class 3:  40 +

Question 3

Who is at highest risk for being overweight?

Answer 3

African Americans, Hispanic, Caucasian

Question 4

How to treat asthma

Answer 4

take bronchodialator first then corticosteroid; rinse mouth out after bc it messes with your mucous and teeth

Question 5

pt with nonproductive cough, substernal chest pain, fever, and rhonchi sounds… what should they take?

Answer 5

chicken noodle soup and water/ rest

they have acute bronchitis

Question 6

Normal levels of prealbumin

Answer 6

150-360 mg

Question 7

Normal levels of albumin

Answer 7

35-50 g/L

Question 8

Normal levels of cholesterol

Answer 8

<200 mg

Question 9

Normal levels of Glucose

Answer 9

70-105 mg

Question 10

What is hyperlipidemia, what is the subjective data

Answer 10

elevated serum lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids) no clinical symptoms till cardiovascular events occur

Question 11

What does elevated levels of LDL mean?

Answer 11

higher risk for coronary heart disease

Question 12

How to check signs for melanoma

Answer 12

ABCDEF

asymmetry, borders, color, diameter- greater than 6mm, elevation, feeling

Question 13

what affect does hyperthyroidism have on your hair

Answer 13

makes hair texture fine

Question 14

What is hirtutism

Answer 14

an indication of an endocrine disorder in women by having increase in body hair on neck, body, and pubic area

Question 15

What sound will a pt have during ascultation for a pneumothorax?

Answer 15

absent/ no present breath sounds

Question 16

What is petechiae

Answer 16

tiny, flat, reddish-purple spots on the skin due to tiny hemorhages within dermal layer

Question 17

What are the 3 functions of the respiratory

Answer 17

1. conduct air to lower airway
2. protect lower airway from foreign matter
3. warm, filter, humidify inspired air

Question 18

How to calculate pack-year

Answer 18

years smoked X # packs/day

Question 19

Acute bronchitis

Answer 19

inflammation of the mucous membranes of bronchial tree ; symptoms include substernal chest pain aggravated by cough, fever, malaise, tachypnea, rhonchi

Question 20

Atelectasis

Answer 20

collapsed alveoli due to external pressure, lack of air from hyperventilation, obstruction by secretion; diminished or absent breath sounds, 02 sat less than 90%

Question 21

COPD- chronic bronchitis

Answer 21

hypersecretion of mucus of trach and mouth; over 3 months for over 2 successive years; rhonchi

Question 22

COPD- Emphysema

Answer 22

destruction of the alveolar walls that cause permanent enlargement of air space; shortness of breath, diminished sounds, decreased diaphragmatic excursion

Question 23

Pneumonia

Answer 23

inflammation of the terminal bronchioles and alveoli ; inspiratory crackels,

Question 24

Asthma

Answer 24

hyperactive airways disease; audible wheezing and use of accessory muscles

Question 25

Pneumothrorax

Answer 25

air in the pleural space that off-balances the pressure of the lungs; decreased chest movement, trachial displacement

Question 26

Eupnia

Answer 26

even and unlabored breathing 12-20 breathes/min

Question 27

Bradypenea

Answer 27

RR less than 11 breathes/min, smooth and even

Question 28

Tachypnea

Answer 28

RR greater than 20 breathes/min, smooth and even

Question 29

Hyperventilation

Answer 29

increased rate and depth of respirations; like tachypnea but more gaspy

Question 30

Hypoventilation

Answer 30

slow and shallow

Question 31

Kussmaul

Answer 31

hyperventilation, deep and laborious with ketoacidosis

Question 32

Biot breathing

Answer 32

irregular breathing with periods of apnea, disorganized pattern

Question 33

Cheyne-stokes

Answer 33

internals of apnea with deep rapid pattern in between , raspy deep rattle; seen with brain damage

Question 34

air trapping

Answer 34

rapid inspirations with prolonged forced expirations , air not fully exhaled and becomes trapped in the lungs leading to barrel chest

Question 35

Kyphosis

Answer 35

change is shape of spine which changes how they breathe, mostly seen in older adults

Question 36

Kyphosis

Answer 36

change is shape of spine which changes how they breathe, mostly seen in older adults

Question 37

Fine crackles

Answer 37

fine, high pitched crackling and popping noises- hair rubbing btwn fingers, end of inspiration (pneumonia, heart failure, asthma, restrictive pulmonary disease)

Question 38

Coarse crackles

Answer 38

low-pitched, bubbling or gurgling sounds that start early in inspiration and extend into the first part of expiration -velcro opening (terminally ill pt., pulmonary edema and fibrosis)

Question 39

Wheezing

Answer 39

high pitched musical sound, hissing sound, heard during inspiration (pt. with narrow airway, asthma)

Question 40

Rhonchi

Answer 40

low-pitched, coarse, low snoring, heard during expiration | disorders causing obstruction of the trach or bronchus- chronic bronchitis

Question 41

Pleural Friction Rub

Answer 41

superficial, low-pitched, course rubbing, like 2 surfaces rubbing together; heard through inspiration and expiration (pleurisy; inflammation of the pleural surfaces)

Question 42

Stridor

Answer 42

Narrow trachea and sounds like an inflated balloon being let go

Question 43

Vocal fremitus

Answer 43

vibration resulting from talking

Question 44

Pleural effusion

Answer 44

Accumulation of serous fluid on pleural space btwn visceral and parietal pleurae