Exam 2: Chap 20 Flashcards
(105 cards)
what does the cardiovascular system consist of?
blood, heart, blood vessels
heart
a double pump that circulates the blood through an estimated 100,000 miles of blood vessels
where is the heart situated?
between the lungs in the mediastinum (space within the thoracic cavity)
mediastinum includes what
includes: heart, thymus gland, aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary trunk
pericardium
encloses and holds the heart in place; consists of an outer fibrous pericardium, and an inner serous pericardium (epicardium)
serous pericardium
composed of a parietal layer and a visceral layer
pericardial cavity
between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium; potential space filled with pericardial fluid - reduces friction
pericardial fluid
reduces friction
pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
3 layers of the heart wall
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
myocardium
muscular wall; cardiac tissue
endocardium
composed of simple squamous epithelium; areolar CT; covers valves and lines chambers
myocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium)
endocarditis
an inflammation of the endocardium and usually involves the heart valves
chambers of the heart
2 upper atria
2 lower ventricles (thicker wall)
*thickness of chamber depends on muscle
what is on the external surface of the heart?
auricles and sulci
auricles
small extensions of each atrium
sulci
grooves that contain blood vessels and fat
right atrium receives what
receives deoxygenated blood from 4 major blood vessels:
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- coronary sinus
- anterior cardiac veins
fossa ovalis (right atrium)
the remnant of the foramen ovale
pectinate muscles
raised ridges of the myocardium in the walls of the left and right atrium
tricuspid valve (atrioventricular valve)
blood passes from the right atrium into the right ventricle through this valve.
right ventricle forms what part of the heart
forms most of the anterior surface of the heart
trabeculae carnae
raised ridges of myocardium located in the walls of the left and right ventricle
function: part of the heart’s conduction system