Exam 2 Chapter 10 Flashcards
Describe Gothic style.
(Gothic period women came to be viewed as culminating crown of creation) Pointed arches, light, flying buttresses, stained glass, lighter and taller.
Who were Abelard and Thomas Aquinas? What was scholasticism? How does scholasticism relate to Gothic architecture, music (motet), and Dante?
Abelard: The beginning of scholasticism, presented contradiction. A book called : Yes and no. Thomas Aquinas reconciled the contradictions in his Summa Theologica.
Resolution of Contradiction
Manifestasio (Separation into threes)
Totality
Light
Mary
Some form of each of these appears in Scholasticism, Gothic Architecture, music, and Dante.
What did Abbot Suger believe about light and how did he translate his theories into architecture?
Light represents God. So he wanted light in his churches and thought that stained glass windows would perfectly represent God. The father of Gothic style.
Describe organum and motet:
Organum is when two music melodies separate (ex. one up, one down) and come back in harmony again. It is based on a plainchant and uses polyphony. Motet is multiple voices singing different words (sometimes different languages) at different tempos instead of the same words at the same tempo.
- Describe the rise of towns, universities, city cathedrals, and guilds.
o All of the cathedrals became schools that taught Latin grammar to prep males for university. Some of them eventually became universities. French cathedral schools→ University of Paris (attached to notre dame). They were originally intended to train clerics, which was why you couldn’t marry.
o They studied the seven liberal arts:
o Arts=teachable disciplines Liberales=free. Made you free of ignorance. Liberal arts were established during roman empire.
Quadrivian=4 disciplines: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music
Trivium: grammar, rhetoric (enabled eloquent speech), logic
What was St. Francis’ contribution?
He brought humanism back to religion. There weren’t very good religious leaders, so St. Francis brought religion back into priesthood clergy. Franciscan Monks..
What were the crusades and how did they help the papal monarchy and then contribute to its decline.
Pope trying to gain dominance send Crusades and the kings put themselves under the Pope. Increase of cosmopolitan ideas, Pope loses his power.
How did the cult of the Virgin Mary change European culture?
Cathedral, Scholasticism, Dante, Courtly Love was influenced by cult of virgin Mary. Notre Dame, Sculpture and Stained Glass portrayed her. Softening and humanness in art. She is considered the seed of wisdom.
Ambulatory:
In a church, a continuation of the sides aisles into a passageway that extends behind the choir and apse and allows traffic to flow to the chapels, which are often places in this area.
Buttress:
a projecting support of stone or brick built against a wall
Flying buttress:
In architecture, an arched masonry support which carries the trust of a roof or a wall away from the main structure of a building to an outer pier or buttress.
Lancet window:
a high and narrow window with an acutely pointed head.
Ribbed vault:
an arched form created by the intersection of two or three barrel vaults used to support the weight of walls or a ceiling or roof.
Rose window:
a circular window with mullions or tracery radiating in a form suggestive of a rose
Polyphony:
has more than melodic line, parallel organum (duplum, triplum, etc.)
