exam 2 chapter 3

Question 1

FEDERALISM

Answer 1

authority partly divided and shared between fed and st. govts.

Question 2

CONFEDERACY

Answer 2

central and st. govts. set for as much sovereignty and independence as possible for st. govts.

Question 3

unitary national govt

Answer 3

a country with a supreme central govt that’s either the only govt or doesn’t share sovereign authority with the lower govts.

Question 4

concurrent powers

Answer 4

powers shared between state and fed govts.

Question 5

reserved powers

Answer 5

areas of public policy where only state govts have authority.

Question 6

RACE TO THE BOTTOM

Answer 6

economic competition between states lead to enact socially suboptimal regs. to attract large businesses and their job offers.

Question 7

enumerated powers

Answer 7

specific legislative powers granted to Congress in the US Consti.

Question 7

implied powers

Answer 7

powers not granted to Congress but rather implied by the letter and spirit of the text of the Consti.

Question 8

judicial review

Answer 8

authority of courts to decide whether an act of govt is unconsti or consti.

Question 8

Necessary and Proper Clause

Answer 8

this grants Congress authority ‘‘to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution’’ all other powers granted by the Consti.

Question 9

amendment-enforcing provisions

Answer 9

provisions of 6 consti amendments that grant Congress authority to enforce the rights guaranteed by the amendments.

Question 10

police power

Answer 10

authority to make laws and regulations in order to promote the health, safety, welfare, and the morals of the people.

Question 11

DUAL FEDERALISM/LAYER CAKE FEDERALISM

Answer 11

marked by a clear and distinct division of authority and responsibility between fed and st. states.

Question 12

16th amendment

Answer 12

giving Congress the power to levy taxes without having to worry about population among the states.

Question 13

progressive income tax

Answer 13

a tax structured that says that those who make higher incomes pay higher taxes than those who make lower incomes.

Question 14

NEW DEAL

Answer 14

a set of policies pursued by FDR to help America recover from the Great Depression

Question 15

NEW DEAL FEDERALISM

Answer 15

the transformation of the federalism that occurred during the New Deal that EXPANDED the power of the national govt as well as formed cooperative bonds with st. govts.

Question 16

modern welfare state

Answer 16

conditions set to increase the govts constitutional authority to regulate the economy and institute welfare programs

Question 17

Post New Deal Cooperative Federalism

Answer 17

development of cooperative federalism in the decades proceeding the New Deal during WW2, Cold War, and LBJ’s Great Society Program.

Question 18

Great Society

Answer 18

Lyndon Johnson held this to see out a wage a war on poverty by providing job training and direct income support to the poor and improve many lacking areas in America.

Question 19

grants-in-aid

Answer 19

grants of money provided by the federal govt, to state and/or local govts on the condition that the funds be used for purposes.

Question 20

categorical grants

Answer 20

a type of fed grant in aid that provides relatively strict and specific guidelines on how the state and local govt receiving the money must spend it.

Question 21

block grants

Answer 21

a type of federal grant in aid that specifies a general purpose but gives state or local govts a lot of freedom in deciding how to spend the money to achieve that purpose.

Question 22

devolution

Answer 22

the process of the fed govt returning functions and powers to state and local govts.

Question 23

principled federalism

Answer 23

a preference for a particular allocation of authority between nation and state govts that one consistently adheres to even if it's outcome is disliked.

Question 24

Has the power and authority of the national govt increased or decreased over time?

Answer 24

It has gotten stronger and increased over time.

Question 25

What has been the impact of the progressive income tax in the US since tax?

Answer 25

Created a system where people who make more income get progressively taxed more and made the govt more wealthy and powerful as it began to increase the amount of revenue it got from taxes to 78% in the 50s and 90% today.

Question 26

Using the power of the purse, how has the federal govt influenced state govts?

Answer 26

the govt can withhold funds from st. govts, institute and funded or categorical mandates, provide conditional grants, as well as other means of control.

Question 27

How did the Supreme Court initially react to FDR's efforts?

Answer 27

Acts like National Industrial Recovery Act, Agricultural Adjustment Act, and National Labor Relations Act were questionable in their constitutionality and the supreme court thought that the fed govt was giving too much power.

Question 28

How has the modern welfare state impacted American federalism?

Answer 28

Over 58% of the federal budget is dedicated to insurance and welfare programs as it benefits millions of Americans.

Question 29

How did Ronald Reagan try to reign in the size and influence of the fed govt?

Answer 29

Bad Reagan, he starved the government of money, reduced govt spending on aid, and ended the shared revenue program and we were put into debt:).