Exam 2, Chapter 8

Question 1

Definition of conformity

Answer 1

going along with peers or those individuals of our own status that have no formal right to direct our behavior

Question 2

Definition of Obedience

Answer 2

compliance with higher authority in a hierarchical structure

Question 3

Definition of deviance

Answer 3

behavior that violates the standard of conduct or expectations of a group of society

Question 4

True or false

Standards of deviance vary from one group or subculture to another

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or false

Deviance does not vary over time

Answer 5

false

Question 6

True or false

People are not normally stigmatizes as a result of deviance

Answer 6

false

Question 7

Definition of social control

Answer 7

techniques and strategies for preventing deviant behavior in any society

Question 8

What are the two types of social control

Answer 8

formal and informal

Question 9

What is informal social control

Answer 9

used casually to enforce norms, informally monitoring/reporting good or bad behavior
-Social pressure

Question 10

An example of social pressure

Answer 10

A mom raising an eyebrow at their child

Question 11

An example of social pressure

Answer 11

A mom raising an eyebrow at their child

Question 12

What are the three principles that fall under informal social control

Answer 12

principle of dependence, principle of visibility, and principle of extensiveness

Question 13

What is the principle of dependence

Answer 13

The more dependent members are on a group, the more they conform to group norms

Question 14

What is the principle of visibility

Answer 14

When group behavior is easily observed or monitored by other members, the degree of conformity will be greater.
-Japanese example

Question 15

What is the principle of extensiveness

Answer 15

The greater the scope and extent of norms upheld by the group, the greater will be the contribution to social order
-Bo rollings his pants up because everyone else
did

Question 16

What is Formal social control

Answer 16

Control that applies to legalized rules and laws

Question 17

What are formal social control roles

Answer 17

police, doctors, bosses, parents

Question 18

What is prevention

Answer 18

Limits opportunities, early intervention

Question 19

What is deterrence

Answer 19

punishment: certain, swift, and severe

Question 20

What is reformation/resocialization

Answer 20

resocialize people so they stop wanting to deviate

Question 21

What is cultural transmission

Answer 21

A theory of deviance that says a person learns criminal behavior through interactions with others

Question 22

What is differential association

Answer 22

A theory of deviance which is a process through which violation of rules results from exposure to attitudes that are favorable to criminal acts-wrong crowd

Question 23

What is social disorganization theory

Answer 23

When neighborhoods decline and become disorganized crime rises

Question 24

True or false

Increases and deviance can be attributed to the absence of communal relationships and social institutions

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the labeling theory

Answer 25

attempts to explain why certain people are viewed as deviants or troublemakers while others taking part in the same behavior are not

Question 26

What is the labeling theory also known as

Answer 26

societal reaction/response to the act and not the behavior itself that determines whether or not it is deviant

Question 27

Is formal or informal social control more common

Answer 27

informal

Question 28

true or false The less intensely any group or society applies informal and formal efforts to suppressing deviance, the more deviance will be

Answer 28

false, more intense efforts equal less deviant behavior

Question 29

What is an example of principle of dependence

Answer 29

How strict the japanese are with school. High school determine a job and college and they aren't allowed out of their firms and if they leave they can't find another job again.

Question 30

What is an example of the principle of of visibility

Answer 30

How the Japanese have zero private lives. Their rooms are separated by screens, which means they are less likely to do anything deviant and conform to parents norms

Question 31

What are the three ways formal social control is attempted

Answer 31

prevention, deter deviance, and reform or re-socialize people

Question 32

What is the opportunity theory

Answer 32

describes reasons why people have the opportunity to commit deviant acts such as stealing a car in a poor thug neighborhood

Question 33

who came up with opportunity theory

Answer 33

Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson

Question 34

What was the end result of Clarke Cabot's experiment

Answer 34

Young boys with guided counseling and help are not less likely to commit a crime than boys who are on their own are.

Question 35

What is deterrence

Answer 35

The use of punishment to deter people from deviance

Question 36

What is capital punishment

Answer 36

The death penalty

Question 37

What is Gibb's deterrence theory

Answer 37

The more rapid, the more certain, and the more severe the punishment for a crime, the lower the rate at which such crimes will occur.

Question 38

Why are the odds of getting caught for a crime low?

Answer 38

because 6 out of 10 crimes are never reported

Question 39

Why don't people report crimes?

Answer 39

They lack confidence in the police

Question 40

What is incapacitation

Answer 40

Making people unable to commit crimes by locking them up.

Question 41

what is a recidivism rate

Answer 41

The proportion of people who commit a new crime after having served a prior sentence in jail or on probation.

Question 42

What is resocialization?

Answer 42

efforts to change a person's socialization; that is, to socialize a person over again in hopes of getting him or her to conform to the norms

Question 43

what is TARP

Answer 43

Transitional Aid Research Project; in a big group of prisoners, only some were given money to see if they were claimed successful in transitioning from prisoner back to normal person

Question 44

Why were prisons invented in the first place?

Answer 44

It is a more humane punishment than capital punishment