Exam 2 - Consciousness

Question 1

Consciousness is defined as…

Answer 1

Our subjective awareness of thoughts.

Question 2

All the things we might think about or perceive if we attended to them comprise our…

Answer 2

Awareness

Question 3

The “cocktail party phenomenon” describes how…

Answer 3

To a certain extent, we can pay attention to more than one conversation at once

Question 4

The “cocktail party phenomenon” indicates that…

Answer 4

Consciousness and awareness are momentary

Question 5

____’s theories were based on a fairly small proportion of the population at a particular time.

Answer 5

Sigmund Freud

Question 6

List two of Freud’s theories that are seen as having some merit today, and one that is seen as baseless.

Answer 6

Have merit:
1. Concept of ego/id
2. Idea that dreams have meaning
Baseless:
1. Oedipus/Electra complex

Question 7

The Freudian model of the ____, ____, and ____ suggests that we all have within us basic sexual and aggressive energies.

Answer 7

Id, Ego, Superego

Question 8

List five characteristics of the “id” according to Freud.

Answer 8

1. Based off “I want”
2. Instinctive sexual/aggressive energy
3. Works on the “pleasure principle”
4. Irrational and selfish
5. Doesn’t think about what is realistic

Question 9

The “pleasure principle” describes the…

Answer 9

Immediate gratification of desires

Question 10

List the three characteristics of the “superego”.

Answer 10

1. Acts as the balance to the id
2. Ideas, morals, and conscience
3. Concerned with right and wrong

Question 11

List three characteristics of the “ego”.

Answer 11

1. Acts as a manager
2. Works on the reality principle
3. Controls the id and keeps it in check

Question 12

____ is replacing a socially unacceptable want or activity with one that is socially acceptable.

Answer 12

Sublimation

Question 13

____ processes are those that a person is subjectively aware of.

Answer 13

Conscious

Question 14

Freud believed that ____ processes made up a minority of mental processes.

Answer 14

Conscious

Question 15

____ processes are those that are not actively conscious but could quickly become so.

Answer 15

Preconscious

Question 16

____ processes are inaccessible to the conscious mind because they have been repressed.

Answer 16

Unconscious

Question 17

List three ways in which some psychoanalysts believe unconscious thoughts and emotions may enter our conscious minds.

Answer 17

1. Dreams
2. Rorschach tests
3. Freudian slips

Question 18

List two opposing viewpoints on dream analysis.

Answer 18

1. Dreams are the “royal road” into the unconscious mind.
2. Dreams may be interesting but are not diagnostically useful.

Question 19

List two opposing viewpoints on Rorschach tests (inkblot tests).

Answer 19

1. A person’s response to an ambiguous image uncovers unconscious thoughts.
2. There are better and more multifaceted ways of diagnosing disorders.

Question 20

List two opposing viewpoints of Freudian slips (verbal mistakes).

Answer 20

1. These reveal repressed memories or things we are trying to avoid.
2. We make verbal mistakes simply because we talk a lot or get distracted.

Question 21

Freud believed that the ____ is the majority.

Answer 21

Unconscious mind

Question 22

According to the iceberg model, the area above the water represents the…

Answer 22

Conscious mind
(some of Ego and Superego)

Question 23

According to the iceberg model, the top third of the underwater portion represents the…

Answer 23

Preconscious mind
(most of Ego and Superego)

Question 24

According to the iceberg model, the bottom half of the underwater portion represents the…

Answer 24

Unconscious mind
(some of Ego and Superego, and all of Id)

Question 25

According to Freud, the ego is the...

Answer 25

Executive mediator

Question 26

According to Freud, the superego is the...

Answer 26

Internalized ideals

Question 27

According to Freud, the id is the...

Answer 27

Inaccessible psychic energy.

Question 28

List four possibilities for why we sleep.

Answer 28

1. We're tired 2. Keeps us away from trouble/harm 3. Can aid the immune system 4. Helps consolidate memories and repair neurons

Question 29

Our sleep cycle is based on internal patterns of bodily functions over a 24-hour cycle called the...

Answer 29

Circadian rhythm

Question 30

The ____ is an area of the hypothalamus critical to circadian rhythms.

Answer 30

Superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Question 31

List three things that can result from disruptions to our circadian rhythm.

Answer 31

1. Unclear thinking 2. Inattentiveness 3. Feeling sleepy

Question 32

Devices that graphically record brain-wave activity through electrodes on the scalp and forehead are called...

Answer 32

EEGs

Question 33

List the five stages of sleep, as defined by EEG waves.

Answer 33

1. The awake brain 2. Stage 1 sleep (NREM Alpha) 3. Stage 2 Sleep (NREM Theta) 4. Stage 3 Sleep (NREM Delta) (Deep Sleep) 5. REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep

Question 34

The "awake brain" is defined by...

Answer 34

High and mixed frequencies with low amplitude

Question 35

Stage 1 sleep is defined by...

Answer 35

High and mixed frequencies with low amplitude

Question 36

Stage 2 sleep is defined by...

Answer 36

High frequencies and low amplitude, with some "sleep spindles" or "k-complexes"

Question 37

Stage 3 sleep (deep sleep) is defined by...

Answer 37

Low frequencies and high amplitude

Question 38

REM sleep is defined by...

Answer 38

High frequencies and low amplitude