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RELS 2500 > Exam 2 Content > Flashcards

Exam 2 Content Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

popular piety

A

cult of the saints that expanded to all holy people (more than just martyrs could skip to heaven)

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2
Q

Pontifex maximus

A

Title held by the High Priest of Rome that Pope Leo I adopts

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3
Q

Theory of the two swords

A

pope/religious and emperor/political leaders both have power, made by Pope Gelasius

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4
Q

The Carolingian Renaissance

A

pursuit of wisdom is a way to develop godlikeness
(carolingian miniscule script with punctuation)

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5
Q

Donation of Constantine

A

forged document the promised Rome & western provinces to the Pope

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6
Q

Lay Investiture

A

political leaders entering religious offices (1077 Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Emperor Henry IV over it)

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7
Q

Concordat of Worms

A

1122 established that bishops must by elected by clergy not political leaders

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8
Q

4 reasons for the schism of 1054

A

universal rule of the pope, relation of Constantinople bishop to eastern archbishops, eucharist using unleavened bread, relation of holy spirit to others in the trinity

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9
Q

The first crusade

A

Pope Urban II wanted to recapture the Holy Land, Frankish Christians capture Antioch and Jerusalem in 1099

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10
Q

second crusade

A

started by the fall of Edessa in 1144, but was unsuccessful (other states captured by Muslim rulers

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11
Q

Armed pilgrimage

A

journey to the shrines of saints was an act of martyrdom

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12
Q

Merovingian Dynasty

A

481 Clovis gets power in Gaul and makes kingdom of the Franks, gets baptized catholic in 508, until 8th c.

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13
Q

Carolingian empire

A

Charles the Hammer Martel wins battle of Tours in 732 and becomes leader of the Franks, son Pepin becomes King and gives political control of land to Pope Stephen II for allyship, his son Charlemagne expands territory and is crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope Leo III

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14
Q

Eastern Orthodox tradition

A

can’t change the written works, to understand you must practice it (St. Maximus)

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15
Q

Orthodox christianity gods image v likeness

A

image- humans are all made in gods image = we have free will (everlasting)

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16
Q

synergeia

A

working together with gods grace

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17
Q

orthodox views of redeption/salvation

A

becoming like god (deification)

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18
Q

Leitorgeia

A

the work of the people (church services)

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19
Q

Icon/eikon

A

“image”, sensory way to experience the spiritual world

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20
Q

iconoclasm

A

image breaking periods in the mid to late 8th-9th centuries

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21
Q

iconodules

A

argued you can venerate images but not worship them

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22
Q

Negative “apophatic” theology

A

we can’t describe God with language so every positive we can say about him is balances with what he is not (god is good, god is not bound by goodness)

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23
Q

god’s essence vs energies

A

Gregory Palamas distinction that his essence in unknowable, his energies are what we experience as grace and light

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24
Q

hesychasts

A

unceasing prayer, breathing techniques and movement to get mystical experience of god

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25
filioque
east trinity = father at the top, son and holy spirit coming from him west trinity = father at the top, then son coming from him, and spirit coming from son
26
erotic mysticism
From song of songs and image as the church as Christ's bride, eros used to describe the only other example of intense spiritual desire that could come close to describing christ
27
Julian of Norwich
uses motherhood to describe the relationship of christian to christ, optimistic theologian (all shall be well)
28
what contributed to economic transition in the 11th c.
industrialization based ideas (from goods-based to money-based economy)
29
11th c. ecclesial reforms
enforced celibacy of priests, marriage as a sacrament, annual mass attendance, tithes
30
Peter Damian
monastic life but not hermit
31
Cathusians
monastic group that made monasteries far from urban centers
32
3 groups of dissident christians
humiliati, waldensians, cathars
33
Humiliati
Italian priests who proclaimed church and serving the poor
34
waldensians
Valdesius renounced his wealth for voluntary poverty, declared heretic in council of Verona
35
Cathars/Albigensians
dualist & anti-materialist movements with reminiscence of Gnosticism and manichaeism
36
inquisition
first just surveillance, eventually came to include torture, imprisonment, confiscation of goods, and execution
37
crusades
pope urban II wanted to recapture holy land, claimed Antioch and Jerusalem in 1099, four states established, edessa fell prompting second crusade but unsuccessful, crusader states conquered by Muslim rulers
38
2 wondering orders of monasticism
St. Francis (Franciscans) = inquisitors St. Dominic (Dominicans) = preaching gospel
39
3 courses of study in universitas
(basic) trivium = logic, grammar rhetoric quadrivium = arithmetic, astron., geometry, music (advanced) sciences = law, medicine, theology
40
scholasticism
systematizing of christian theology with philosophy, influenced by muslim scholars ibn sina/rushd
41
thomas aquinas
dominican order, Summa Theologiae systematizes all christian teachings for ALL people, studying nature = studying revelation
42
Dante
Divine Comedy narrates a souls journey to god through Inferno, Puratorio, and Paradiso
43
renaissance humanism
discovery of the individual, humanity as god's creation and has potential for greatness
44
humanitas (3)
love, dignity, modesty
45
Ad fontes
importance of returning to classical writings and poets, adopted by Christians to go back to scriptures in original languages
46
Erasmus
critic of the church from the inside, handbook for the Christian soldier emphasizes devotional practice of bible reading (shows problems with translations)
47
penance
practices that purify souls, speeds up purgatory
48
indulgence
pope could grant a reduction of required penance in exchange for prayer, fasting, and eventually money
49
Martin Luther
(1480-1550) monk who challenged the selling of indulgences, declared and outlaw by the pope at the diet of worms in 1521
50
John Wycliffe
advocate for clerical simplicity, against transformation of Eucharist into body/blood of christ
51
Jan Hus
questioned transubstantiation of Eucharist, condemned heretic and burned
52
Ulrich Zwingli
critiqued catholic practices, practices should be supported by New Testament
53
John Calvin
Institutes of religion, reforming of preaching, theocratic elements
54
sola scriptura
church doctrine should be decided by the bible > human reason/tradition (but what do the scriptures actually teach?)
55
answers to the question of salvation?
Catholic- god will not refuse grace to those who do what they can Luther- justification is passive/irresistable Calvin- some people destined for hell, cant do anything arminius- salvation is result of faith
56
5 points of calvanism (TULIP)
-total depravity of soul (sinful) -unconditional election (god chooses) -limited atonement (christ's death only for some) -irresistable grace (can't resist god's power) -perserverance of saints (those who are saved will gain grace)
57
radical reformation
church membership must be voluntary, infant baptism isn't legit, pastors should be chosen by congregation, reject transubstantiation
58
zurich anabaptists
disagreement over infant baptism, rebaptizers = outlaws,
59
Munster Anabaptist kingdom
site of Jesus' second coming, all goods common but city besieged by catholic bishop, everyone fled, Leiden was Matthys successor and claimed he was new David (legalized polygamy and had absolute power
60
council of trent
inclusion of Apocrypha in bible & latin translation superiority, lay people cant read bible, sola scriptura rejected
61
igantius of loyola
founder of Jesuits who had indifference (would do whatever god wanted)
62
st. john of the cross & teresa of avila
founded discalced carmelite order- mystical union with god was goal of life

RELS 2500 (5 decks)

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