exam 2- cytokines

Question 1

IL-1

Answer 1

inflammation, fever, acute phase proteins

Question 2

TFN-alpha

Answer 2

inflammation, acute phase proteins, neutrophil action, cell death

Question 3

IL-12

Answer 3

NK cells, adaptive immunity, TH1

Question 4

IL-6

Answer 4

acute phase proteins, adaptive immunity

Question 5

IFN-alpha

Answer 5

antiviral, increases MHC class 1 expression and activates NK cells

Question 6

IFN-beta

Answer 6

antiviral, MHC class 1 expression, NK cells

Question 7

IL-2

Answer 7

T-cell proliferation, NK cell activation and proliferation, B cell proliferation

Question 8

IL-4

Answer 8

TH2 differentiation; isotype switch to IgE

Question 9

IL-5

Answer 9

eosinophil activation and production

Question 10

TGF-beta

Answer 10

inhibits T cell proliferation and effector functions, inhibits B cell proliferation; promotes isotype switch to IgA, inhibits macrophages

Question 11

IFN-y

Answer 11

activates macrophages, increases MHC class one and class two expression, increases antigen presentation

Question 12

different groups of proteins that cytokines belong to

Answer 12

hematopoetins, interferons, chemokines, TNF

Question 13

chemotaxis

Answer 13

movement of cells from low chemical signal to high chemical signal

Question 14

Where do cytokines bind?

Answer 14

receptors on target cells, initiate activating or suppressive signals

Question 15

autocrine action of cytokines

Answer 15

can bind to a receptor on same cell and activate

Question 16

paracrine action of cytokines

Answer 16

acts on nearby cells

Question 17

endocrine action of cytokines

Answer 17

acts on receptor on distant cell, goes into the blood

Question 18

pleiotropic action of cytokines

Answer 18

different effects on different target cells

Question 19

redundancy of cytokines

Answer 19

two or more cytokines exert the same biological effect on the same cells

Question 20

synergistic action of cytokines

Answer 20

effect of two cytokines on a particular cell is greater than the additive effect of individual cytokines

Question 21

antagonistic action of cytokines

Answer 21

action of one cytokine inhibits the effects of another

Question 22

cascade action

Answer 22

action of a cytokine leads to induction of one or more cytokines which in turn induce production of other cytokines

Question 23

cytokines act in antigen non-specific manner

Answer 23

they will bind to any cell with receptor for that cytokine

Question 24

biological functions of cytokines

Answer 24

development of cellular and humoral immunity
induction of inflammatory responses
regulation of hematopoeisis
regulation of proliferation and differentiation of cells
regulation of intensity and duration of immune response
wound healing

Question 25

Protein families of cytokine receptors

Answer 25

1. immunoglobin superfamily receptors…IL-1
2. class 1 cytokine receptors (hematopoietin)… most IL’s, GM-CSF, GH, prolactin
3. class 2 cytokine receptors (interferon)…. IFNs
4. TNF receptors

Question 26

Organization of cytokine receptor…. hint what is required?

Answer 26

at least one subunit for cytokine binding, and a second for signal transduction

Question 27

What does the GM-CSF receptor subfamily have in common?

Answer 27

common beta subunit

Question 28

What does IL-6 receptor subfamily have in common?

Answer 28

common gp 130 subunit

Question 29

What does IL-2 receptor subfamily have in common?

Answer 29

common gamma subunit

Question 30

What does possession of a common subunit allow for?

Answer 30

elicitation of identical signal by all involved cytokines

antagonism- competition for common subunit

Question 31

function of chemokines

Answer 31

adhesion, chemotaxis, activation of leukocytes

regulation of leukocyte migration during homeostasis and inflammation- TNF-alpha

Question 32

What induces secretion of chemokines?

Answer 32

cytokines or microbes

Question 33

how do leukocytes get to the site of inflammation?

Answer 33

follow the chemokine yellow brick road