Exam 2 Diabetes Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
diabetes
A
hyperglycemia caused by lack of insulin and/or insulin resistance
2
Q
T1DM
A
type 1 diabetes
3
Q
T2DM
A
type 2 diabetes; sugar diabetes
4
Q
hyperglycemia
A
excessive glucose in the body
5
Q
insulin
A
hormone essential for glucose in the body
6
Q
hemoglobin a1c
A
percentage of hemoglobin with glucose
7
Q
therapeutic category
A
broad classification of drugs based on the diseases they treat
8
Q
drug class
A
group of medications that work similarly, have similar chemical makeup, and treat similar conditions
9
Q
dosing interval
A
time between doses
10
Q
indications
A
conditions that the drugs treat
11
Q
normal glucose levels
A
-<100 on fasting blood glucose
-<140 glucose tolerance test
-<5.7%
12
Q
prediabetes glucose levels
A
-100-125 fasting blood glucose
-140-199 glucose tolerance test
-5.7%-6.4% a1c test
13
Q
diabetes glucose levels
A
-126+ fasting blood glucose levels
-200+ glucose tolerance test
-6.5% a1c
14
Q
T2DM prevention
A
prediabetes
15
Q
oral antidiabetic class that metformin is in
A
biguanides
16
Q
which drug is the first-line drug for T2DM?
A
metformin
17
Q
BBW for metformin
A
may cause lactic acidosis
18
Q
the MOA for biguanides
A
increases tissue sensitivity to insulin and reduces insulin resistance
19
Q
Patient counseling for metformin
A
may cause GI tract issues, vitamin B12, can induce ovulation
20
Q
Dosing information for metformin
A
500-2000mg/day in divided doses
21
Q
Sulfonylureas
A
end in -ide
22
Q
Glucotrol XL
A
long acting glipizide
23
Q
Examples of Sulfonylureas
A
glipizide, glimepiride, glyburide
24
Q
MOA of Sulfonylureas
A
stimulates insulin secretion
25
Dosing info of Sulfonylureas
30 mins before breakfast or twice a day
26
Patient counseling of Sulfonylureas
can cause hypoglycemia, Beer's list in elderly, and weight gain
27
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
oral antidiabetic drug class that ends in -zone
28
pioglitazone
Actos
29
rosiglitazone
Avandia
30
Which TZD is most commonly administered
glitazone (Actos)
31
MOA of TZDs
increase tissue sensitivity and depends on insulin for activity
32
Indication of TZDs
T2DM
33
Other uses of TZDs
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
34
BBW for TZDs
may cause exacerbate heart failure
35
Contraindication for TZDs
should not start medications if the patient has heart failure
36
Patient Counseling for TZDs
Beer's list, increased bone risk, can stimulate ovulation, take without meals
37
DPP-4 inhibitors
oral antidiabetic class that ends with -liptin
38
sitagliptin
Januvia
39
sitagliptin and metformin
Janumet
40
linagliptin
Tradjenta
41
linagliptin and metformin
Jentadueto
42
Nesina
alogliptin
43
saxagliptin
Onglyza
44
MOA of DPP-4
inhibits enzyme DPP-4, which stimulates insulin release
45
Dosing Info for DPP-4
once daily without regard to meals
46
Patient Counseling for DPP-4
may cause hypoglycemia, pancreatitis, joint pain, headache
47
T/F: all drugs that include metformin must come with a BBW
True
48
T/F: DPP-4 inhibitors can be used with GLP-1 inhibitors
False
49
T/F: DPP-4 inhibitors comes with a risk of pancreatitis and renal impairment
True
50
SLGT2-inhibitors
oral antidiabetic class that ends in -flozin
51
canagliflozin
Invokana
52
canagliflozin and metformin
Invokamet
53
Jardiance
empagliflozin
54
bexagliflozin
Brenzavvy
55
dapagliflozin
Farxiga
56
dapagliflozin and metformin
Xigduo
57
Steglatro
ertugliflozin
58
MOA of SLGT-2
blocks glucose and sodium reabsorption, and increases the glucose excreted in the urine
59
Other indications of SLGT-2
Chronic Kidney Disease and heart failure, fatty liver disease, T1DM
60
Dosing info of SLGT-2
dosed once daily and should be renally dosed
61
Contraindications of SLGT-2
end-stage renal impairment or dialysis, and pregnancy
62
Counseling for SLGT-2 inhibitors
may cause yeast infections, UTIs, vloume depletion
63
the two SLGT-2 inhibitor drugs that increase the risk of lower limb amputation
canagflozin and bexagliflozin
64
Warning for SLGT-2 inhibitors
dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis
65
SLGT-2 with strongest cardiovascular benefit
1. Jardiance
2. Invokana
3. Farxiga
66
GLP-1 (injectable)
antidiabetic class that ends in -tide
67
semaglutide
Ozempic
68
tablet form of semaglutide
Rybelsus
69
high dose of semaglutide indicated for weight loss
Wegovy
70
How many times should Ozempic be taken?
once a week
71
dulaglutide
Trulicity
72
exenatide
Byetta
73
Victoza
liraglutide
74
liraglutide can also be available as
Saxenda
75
How many times should Trulicity be taken?
once a week
76
How many times should Victoza be taken?
once a day
77
Doses of liraglutide increase weekly by _____mg
0.6mg
78
Adlyxin
lixisenatide
79
Xultophy
liraglutide and insulin degludec
80
Soliqua
lixisenatide and insulin glargine
81
MOA for GLP-1
lowers glucagon secretion and stimulates insulin secretion
82
Other indications for GLP-1
Obesity
83
Which GLP-1 agonist drugs should be taken for obesity?
Wegovy and Saxenda
84
Dosing info Ozempic vs Wegovy
Ozempic: 2mg max
Wegovy: 2.4mg/week
85
Dosing info Victoza vs Saxenda
Victoza: 1.8mg/day
Saxenda: 3mg/day
86
Dosing Info for Trulicity
4.5mg
87
T/F: GLP-1s can be available as a single or multi-use pen.
True
88
BBW/contraindications of GLP-1s
risk of thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia
89
Counseling for GLP-1
may cause GI issues, weight loss, cardiovascular benefits
90
drugs that impact cardiovascular benefit of GLP-1s
dulaglutide, liraglutide, semaglutide injection
91
Ozempic instructions
-start with 0.25mg for 4 weeks
-0.5 mg for 4 weeks after 0.25 mg
-1 mg for 4 weeks after 0.5 mg
-2 mg last
92
Red pen of Ozempic
delivers 0.25 and 0.5 mg
93
Blue pen of Ozempic
delivers 1 mg
94
Yellow pen of Ozempic
delivers 2 mg
95
T/F: If you miss a dose of Ozempic for more than 5 days, you should still take it
False
96
T/F: if you miss a dose of Trulicity for more than 4 days, you should skip it
True
97
GIP and GLP-1 agonist
tirzepatide
98
Mounjaro
tirzepatide
99
tirzepatide indicated for weight loss
Zepbound
100
MOA of GIP and GLP-1
-slows gastric emptying
-decreases food intake
-increases glucose-dependent insulin
-decreases inappropriate glucagon secretion
101
Dosing information for GIP and GLP-1
2.5 mg to 15 mg weekly
102
BBW for GIP and GLP-1
risk of thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia
103
Contraindications
history pancreatitis, thyroid c-cell tumor, etc
104
Single-Use Pens
Trulicity and Mounjaro
105
Multi-Use Pens
Victoza and Ozempic
106
Types of insulin
regular, NPH, and mix
107
types of insulin analogs
rapid, long-acting, ultra long-acting
108
insulin analogs are
"man-made insulin"
109
regular insulin
-can be subcutaneous or IV infusion
-should be injected about 30 mins before meal
-Humulin R and Novolin R
110
NPH insulin
-Humulin N and Novolin N
111
Insulin Mixes
-Humulin 70/30
-Novolin 70/30
-NovoLog 70/30
112
how many times is NPH insulin administered?
twice a day
113
insulin lispro
Amedlog and Humalog
114
insulin aspart
Fiasp and Novolog
115
insulin lispro-aabc
Lyumjev
116
insulin glulisine
Apidra
117
which insulins can be given as a pump?
Humalog 100, Lyumjev, Novolog, Apidra, and Admelog
118
which insulins can be given through an IV?
Humalog 100, Fiasp, Apidra, Novolog, Admelog
119
which insulins can be available cartridge?
Humalog, Novolog, and Fiasp
120
what are the four long-acting insulins?
Basaglar, Lantus, Semglee, Toujeo
121
insulin glargine
Basaglar, Lantus, and Toujeo
122
insulin glargine-yfgn
Semglee
123
which two long-acting insulins can only be available as pens?
Basaglar and Toujeo
124
Toujeo dosing info
300 units
125
which insulins are concentrated?
regular insulin, Toujeo, Tresiba
