Exam 2 - Disorder of Growth

Question 1

complete failure of an organ or tissue to develop; completely absent

Answer 1

agenesis

Question 2

failure of an organ or tissue to grow, resulting in a rudimentary organ; failure of tissue to renew itself

Answer 2

aplasia

Question 3

failure of an organ or tissue to reach normal size “incomplete development” (during development or decreases renewal of adult tissue)

Answer 3

hypoplasia

Question 4

congenital absence of an opening or normally patent lumen, body orfice, or tubular organ

Answer 4

atresia

Question 5

imperforate anus, imperforate colon, biliary atresia, choanal atresia, esophageal atresia, intestinal atresia, are all examples of what

Answer 5

atresia

Question 6

ventricular septal defect (VSD) and cleft palate are examples of what

Answer 6

failure to fuse or separate

Question 7

spina bifida is an example of what

Answer 7

failure of vertebral closure (meninges/cord protrusion)

Question 8

polydactyly is an example of what

Answer 8

vestigial remnants/accessory or supernumerary tissue

Question 9

abnormal amounts of tissue in normal locations

Answer 9

Hamartoma

Question 10

normal tissue in abnormal location

Answer 10

choristoma

Question 11

ectopic pancreas, ectopic intestine, and ectopic cordis cervicalis are examples of what

Answer 11

choristoma

Question 12

decreased size of an organ/tissue; occurring after it has reached its normal size ; due to loss of cells or decreased size of individual cells

Answer 12

atrophy

Question 13

causes of atrophy

Answer 13

nutrition
denervation
reduced blood flow or local pressure
endocrine
drugs/toxin
aging
chronic inflammation
secretory duct occulsion

Question 14

increased size of an organ/tissue due to increased size of cells; compensatory response; occurs in organs who cells are fully differentiated and have lost mitotic capacity

Answer 14

hypertrophy

Question 15

increase size of an organ or tissue due to an increase in number of cells; requires cells capable of mitotic division; can be physiologic of pathologic

Answer 15

hyperplasia

Question 16

compensatory regulation, unilateral renal injury, mammary gland/uterus in pregnancy, increased nutrition, idiopathic, spleen, liver, pancreas are all examples of what

Answer 16

physiologic hyperplasia

Question 17

excessive hormones, chronic irritation or drugs/toxins are examples that can cause what

Answer 17

pathologic hyperplasia

Question 18

adaptive change from one adult differentiated cell type to another which is not normally present in that organ or tissue; specific germ cell line; change in differentiation

Answer 18

metaplasia

Question 19

disorganized growth of cells/tissues; can be developmental or acquired; progressive often leads to neoplasia

Answer 19

dysplasia

Question 20

compensatory regulation, unilateral renal injury, mammary gland/uterus in pregnancy, increased nutrition, idiopathic, spleen, liver, and pancreas are all examples of what

Answer 20

physiologic hyperplasia

Question 21

disorders from defective/faulty nutrition or faulty development/tissue maintenance

Answer 21

dystrophy