Exam 2 - Dr. Shi

Question 1

Which of the following conditions will stimulate lipid storage?

1. High level of insulin in blood
2. Release of glucagon
3. High level of AMP
4. None of the abone

Question 2

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids occurs in:

1. Mitochondria
2. Cytosol
3. Extracellulary
4. Golgi apparatus

Question 3

The principal form in which energy is stored in the body as:

1. Glycogen
2. Cholesterol
3. Triglyceride
4. Protein
5. Phospholipid

Question 4

“Fat burns in the flame of carbohyrates” means:

1. Acetyl CoA from fatty acids cannot be used in the TCA cycle if pyruvate is not available
2. Fat cannot be used as an energy source in animals
3. Carbohydrates is the only energy source in animals
4. Carbohydrates and fat cannot be used at the same time as an energy source

Question 5

Which of the following ketone bodies can be used as energy source by the brain?

1. Acetoacetate
2. D-3-Hydroxybutyrate
3. Acetone
4. None of the above

Question 6

Which one does not belong?

1. Thiamin
2. Niacin
3. Riboflavin
4. Biotin

Question 7

Which one does not belong?

1. Vitamin B6
2. Niacin
3. Riboflavin
4. Ascorbic Acid

Question 8

Which of the following would most likely result in vitamin K deficiency?

1. Heart disease
2. Neurological disease
3. Bilary obstruction
4. Pregnancy
5. Kidney stones

Question 9

Which of the following animals does not need vitamin C supplement in their diet?

1. Monkeys
2. Bats
3. Guinea pigs
4. Rats

Answer 9

4. Rats

Question 10

Patients with Beriberi are deficient in:

1. Vitamin C
2. Thiamin
3. Vitamin K
4. Biotin

Question 11

Ruminants on high grain diet might develop polioencephalomalacia (PEP). This is because these animals are deficient in:

1. Ascorbic acid
2. Thiamin
3. Vitamin K
4. Vitamin E

Question 12

Which of the following vitamin(s) is/are involved in fatty acid metabolism?

1. Pathothenic acid
2. Vitamin B2
3. Biotin
4. All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following vitamin is involved in hair development:

1. Biotin
2. Vitamin C
3. Vitamin K
4. Vitamin E

Question 14

Which of the following vitamins is/are likely stored in high concentration in adipose tissue?

1. Vitamin D
2. Vitamin E
3. Vitamin B6
4. A + B

Question 15

Which of the following vitamins are known to be required for bone development:

1. Vitamin D
2. Vitamin A
3. Vitamin B12
4. A + B

Question 16

Vitamin K is known to be involved in:

1. Blood clotting
2. Bone formation
3. Muscle development
4. None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following molecule is NOT an indicator of energy state in a cell:

1. NADH
2. ATP
3. AMP
4. K+

Question 18

Which of the following nutrients can be used by muscle as an energy source?

1. Glucose
2. Fatty acids
3. Ketone bodies
4. All of the above

Question 19

In early fasting state, which of the follwing pathway is most active in the liver:

1. Glycogenesis
2. Glycogenlysis
3. Fatty acid synthesis
4. None of the above

Question 20

In the early starvation state, which of the following pathways are active in the muscle:

1. Glycogenlysis
2. Gluconeogenesis
3. Protein breakdown
4. A + C
5. A + B + C

Question 21

Which of the following energy system(s) provides the energy for a long distance running?

1. Immediate
2. Anaerobic
3. Aerobic
4. All of these

Question 22

Blood lactate level wil increase during exercise. Which of the following organs may benefit from the increase of blood lactate level:

1. Heart
2. Skeletal muscle
3. Brain
4. All of the above

Question 23

Which of the shuttles is used in glucose metabolism if 31 ATP are produced from a complete oxidation of one glucose molecue?

1. Malate-asparate shuttle
2. Glycerol phosphate shuttle
3. Lactate shuttle
4. OAA shuttle

Question 24

Which of the following molecules will be the predominant energy source for the cell if the blood VO2 max is above 75%?

1. Fat
2. Glucose
3. Protein
4. Fiber

Question 25

Which type of diabetes is often associated with obesity? 1. Type I 2. Type II 3. A + B 4. None

Question 26

True or false: It has been cearly demonstrated that chroium picollinate supplementation is beneficial to patients with diabetes.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a iron-coating protein: 1. Hemeglobin 2. Cytochrome C 3. Hepcidin 4. Ribonucleotide reductase

Question 28

The production of hepcidin in patients with Anemia of inflammation is: 1. Decreased 2. Increased 3. Not changed 4. Unknown

Question 29

Which of the following pathways is/are not likely active in a type I diabetes patient without insulin injection? 1. Protein breakdown 2. Lipolysis 3. Glycogenesis 4. Glycogen breakdown

Question 30

Fructosamine is often used for blood glucose level monitoring for diabetic patients. High level of blood fructosamine is an indication of: 1. Chronic hyperglycemia 2. Acute hyperglycemia 3. Chronic hypoglycemia 4. Acute gypoglycemia

Question 31

36. Which of the following residue is an acceptor for glycosylation 1. Asparagine 2. Arginine 3. Proline 4. Glycine

Question 32

43. In dogs, _____ deficiency can causes a rare skin condition known as panniculitis. 1. Cadherins 2. Integrins 3. alpha-1 antitrypsin 4. Elastin

Question 33

2008 8. If an enzyme has a low Km, it means: 1. The enzyme has high affinity to its substrate 2. The enzyme has low affinty to the substrate 3. The reacton is not likely to go forward 4. A large change in substrate conecntration is required in order to significantly change the reation 5. None of the above

Question 34

Which of the following factors may affect the activity of an enzyme? 1. Temperature 2. pH 3. Substrate concentration 4. None of the above 5. All of the above

Question 35

Which of the following statements is NOT true about co-enzymes? 1. Co-enzymes are low molecular weight molecules 2. Co-enzymes are not proteins 3. Co-enzymes can act as substrates 4. Co-enzymes are not chemically altered during the reaction 5. Co-enzymes are usually derivitives of vitamins

Question 36

\_\_\_ of the energy from macronutrients is used to generate chemical energy in our body. 1. ~10% 2. ~20% 3. ~40% 4. ~60% 5. ~80%

Question 37

Free energy (delta G) can be used to \_\_\_ 1. Estimate the likelihood of a metabolic step to occur 2. Estimate the rate of the reaction 3. A + B 4. None of above

Question 38

A reaction that consumes more energy than it produces is called ____ reaction: 1. Endothermic 2. Exothermic 3. Exergonic 4. B or C

Question 39

If the standard free energy of hydrolysis of ATP and Glucose 1-phosphate are -7,300 and -5,000 calories, respectively, what is the free energy of the following reaction: ATP + glucose ►ADP + glucose 1-phosphate 1. -12,300 2. -2,300 3. 2,300 4. -7,300 5. -5,000

Question 40

The rate of a reaction is dependent on: 1. The magnitued of the free energy 2. The magnitued of the activation energy 3. A + B 4. None of the above

Question 41

Enzyme can reduce the _____ of a reaction. 1. Free energy 2. Activation energy 3. A + B 4. None of the aboe

Question 42

The rate of a reversible reaction is influenced by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 1. Substrate concentration 2. Enzyme activity 3. A + B 4. None of the above

Question 43

The rate of an irrerversible reaction is influenced by \_\_\_\_\_. 1. Substrate concentration 2. Enzyme activity 3. A + B 4. None of the above

Question 44

Which ofthe following is not an oxidation process: 1. Loss of electrons 2. Loss of a hydrogen 3. Loss of oxygen 4. Gain of oxygen

Question 45

If fat is the main source of energy for a dog, what is likely the RQ of this animal? 1. 0.7 - 0.8 2. 0.9 - 1 3. 1 4. 0.5

Question 46

Which of the following molecule is the key common end product of metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins? 1. Acetyl-CoA 2. Alanine 3. Glutamin 4. Fructose

Question 47

Glucose transporter GLUT4 is highly sensitive to insulin. Which of the following is likely to have high level expression of GLUT4? 1. Liver 2. Muscle 3. Fat 4. B + C

Question 48

Both hexokinase and glucokinase can catalyze the reaction of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate. Hexokinase has a low Km and glucokinase has a high Km. Which enzyme is used by neurons in glycolysis? 1. Hexokinase 2. Glucokinase 3. Both of them 4. Neither of them

Question 49

Glucose 6-phosphate is used in the following metabolic pathways: 1. Glycolysis 2. Glycogen synthesis 3. Hexose monophosphate shunt 4. All of the above

Question 50

Which of the following reation is the committed and rate limiting step for glycolysis? 1. Glucose to glucose 6-phosphate 2. Glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate 3. Fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 4. None of the above

Question 51

The conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is an irreversible reaction. The delta G of this reaction is most likely: 1. \<\< 0 2. \>\> 0 3. ~ 0 4. 0

Question 52

Phosphfructokinase (PFK) catalyzes the reaction of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphae. Which of the following molecule(s) is/are a negative regulator of PFK. 1. ADP 2. AMP 3. Cirtate 4. A + B 5. None of them

Question 53

Phosphfructokinase (PFK) catalyzes the reaction of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphae. Which of the following molecule(s) is/are a positive regulator of PFK. ADP AMP Cirtate A + B None of them

Question 54

33. The OVERALL net energy production from one glucose molecule in the glycolysis pathway is: 1. 2 ATP 2. 5 ATP 3. 7 ATP 4. 10 ATP

Question 55

Which one does not belong? 1. Glucose 2. Galactose 3. Fructose 4. Sucrose