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Human Comprehensive Pharmacology 406 > Exam 2 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 2 Drugs Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Noncompetitive (meaning it will have a slow on set of action)
Administered orally
Irreversible antagonist b/c it has an active metabolite that forms a covalent bond
Decreases vascular resistance?
Decrease supine and BP?
Treats hypertension patients w/ pheochromocytoma (a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes huge amount of catecholamines)
Also used during surgery to control hypertension

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2
Q

Phentolamine

A

Competitive (immediate on set of action)
Administered intravenously = produces vasodilation (opens up the vessels) decreasing BP
Reversible antagonist
Treats acute hypertension by the alpha agonist
used to counter act localized ischemia (inadequate blood supply to an organ)
Increase HR block alpha 2 receptor

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3
Q

Prazosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist
Calcium Channel Blocker
Relaxes the vascular and other SM (urethra, urinary bladder, and prostate)
Produces vasodilation (expands vessels) = decrease BP
Treat primary hypertension
Doesn’t increase HR it doesnt block alpha 2 receptor
Causes less tachycardia than phentolamine

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4
Q

Doxazosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist
Treats lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic (prostate alpha 1) hyperplasia
Drug blocks alpha 1 receptor on prostate which allow SM to relax and allows urination

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5
Q

Terazosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist

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6
Q

Alfuzosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist
Treats lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Drug blocks alpha 1 receptor on prostate which allow SM to relax and allows urination

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7
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist
Treats lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Drug blocks alpha 1 receptor on prostate which allow SM to relax and allows urination

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8
Q

Siiodosin

A

Selective alpha 1 antagonist

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9
Q

Nadolol

A

Beta nonselective antagonist

inhibits renin secretion?

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10
Q

Pinodolol

A

Beta nonselective antagonist

Inhibits renin secretion?

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11
Q

Propranolol

A

Beta 1 nonselective antagonist (block beta 1 and 2)
Administered orally or parentally
used for hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, migraines, and angina pectoris
Decrease HR and cardiac output

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12
Q

Timolol

A

Beta 1 nonselective antagonist (block beta 1 and 2)

Administered as an eye drop for glaucoma

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13
Q

Carteolol

A

Beta nonselective antagonist

Inhibits renin secretion?

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14
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Muscarinic receptor agonists (helps flow)
Site of action is the trabecular meshwork
Stimulates the contraction of meridional ciliary muscle fibers (the eye)

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15
Q

Atenolol

A

Selective beta 1 blocker (block beta 2)
Block beta 2 receptors in the lungs, liver, and vascular SM to avoid beta 2 adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia, decrease in peripheral blood flow)
Treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and acute myocardial infarction
Decrease HR and cardiac output

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16
Q

Metroprolol

A

Selective beta 1 blocker (block beta 2)
Block beta 2 receptors in the lungs, liver, and vascular SM to avoid beta 2 adverse effects (bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia, decrease in peripheral blood flow)
Treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and acute myocardial infarction
Decrease HR and cardiac output

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17
Q

Esmolol

A

Selective beta 1 blocker
Administered parentally
Decrease HR and cardiac output

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18
Q

Carvedilol

A

Beta 3 nonselective antagonists (block alpha 1, beta 1 and 2)
Calcium Channel Blocker
Administered orally
Reduce ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand

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19
Q

Labetalol

A

Beta 3 nonselective antagonists (block alpha 1, beta 1, and 2)
Administered orally

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20
Q

Verapamil

A

Direct acting vasodilators
Calcium channel blocker use for SM and heart
Affect cardio myocytes
Target both vascular and cardiac tissue, reduce HR and cardiac output
Reduces ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand
Decrease afterload
Reduces digoxin clearance and increases serum digoxin levels by inhibiting P-glycoprotein mediated renal excretion

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21
Q

Diltiazem

A

Direct acting vasodilators
Calcium channel blocker use for SM and heart
Affect cardio myocytes
Target both vascular and cardiac tissue, reduce HR and cardiac output
Reduces ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand
Decrease afterload
Reduces digoxin clearance
Increases serum digoxin levels by inhibiting P-glycoprotein mediated renal excretion

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22
Q

Hydralazine

A

Direct acting vasodilators
CCB
Inhibits IP3 induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Favors relaxation
Decreases BP
Increases HR, SV, and CO
Dilate arterioles NOT veins (affects after load)
Reduces ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand

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23
Q

LosarTAN

A

Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Block angiotensin 2 in SM and adrenal medulla

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24
Q

ValsarTAN

A

Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist

Block angiotensin 2 in SM and adrenal medulla

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25
CandesarTAN
Angiotensin receptor antagonist | Block angiotensin 2 in SM and adrenal medulla
26
Clonidine
Central acting sympatholytics
27
Methyldopa
Central acting sympatholytics
28
Guanfacine
Central acting sympatholytics
29
CaptoPRIL
ACE inhibitors in the lungs Block formation of angiotensin 2 and inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin (vasodilator) Adverse effects: fetal injury during 2nd & 3rd trimester/ dry cough & angioedema (swelling of skin) due to bradykinin accumulation
30
EnalaPRIL
ACE inhibitors in the lungs Block formation of angiotensin 2 and inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin (vasodilator) Adverse effects: fetal injury during 2nd & 3rd trimester/ dry cough & angioedema (swelling of skin) due to bradykinin accumulation
31
LisinoPRIL
ACE inhibitors in the lungs Block formation of angiotensin 2 and inhibits the breakdown of bradykinin (vasodilator) Adverse effects: fetal injury during 2nd & 3rd trimester/ dry cough & angioedema (swelling of skin) due to bradykinin accumulation
32
Aliskiren
Direct renin inhibitors | inhibits formation of angiotensin 1
33
HydrochlorothiaziDE
``` Diuretics Increase sodium excretion Decrease blood volume Treat high blood pressure and edema Has side effects Increase blood sugar levels Precipitate or worsen diabetes Patients allergic to sulfa drugs might be allergic to this drug ```
34
IndapamiDE
Diuretics Increase sodium excretion Decrease blood volume
35
AmiloriDE
Diuretics Increase sodium excretion Decrease blood volume Inward diffusion of Na+ through the sodium channel Drives reabsorption of Cl- and efflux of K+
36
AmlodiPINE
Calcium channel blocker (Dihydropyridines only target SM) Cause reflex tachycardia Reduces ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand Reduce afterload
37
NifediPINE
Calcium channel blocker (Dihydropyridines only target SM) Cause reflex tachycardia Reduces ventricular wall tension and oxygen demand Reduce afterload
38
Minoxidil
A potent direct acting peripheral vasodilator Reduces peripheral resistance and lowers BP Dilate arterioles NOT veins (affects after load) Active metabolite Minoxidil Sulfate increase membrane permeability when the potassium channels open contracting the muscles less. Improves hair follicles No phase 1 rxn
39
Preload
Veins (to heart) Dilation of veins Decrease venous pressure, cardiac filing pressure, and ventricular DIASTOLIC pressure
40
Afterload
``` Arteries (away from heart) Dilation of arteries Decrease arterial and aortic pressure Reduces ventricular SYSTOLIC pressure CCB and nitrates reduce afterload = no contractions ```
41
Nitroglycerin
Organic nitrate/nitrate (acts on venous tissue in the heart) Administered sublingual Nitrate tolerance Undergoes 1st pass inactivation
42
Amyl nitrate
Organic nitrate/nitrate (acts on venous tissue in the heart) Potent vasodilator Nitrate tolerance Undergoes 1st pass inactivation
43
Isosorbide dinitrate
Organic nitrate/nitrate (acts on venous tissue in the heart) Administered sublingual Nitrate tolerance Undergoes 1st pass inactivation
44
Doxorubicin
Anti-cancer drug | The use of this drug could cause heart failure
45
Digoxin
Positive inotropic drug Treatment for heart failure Increase cardiac contractility by increasing calcium in cardiac myoctyes Digoxin inhibits ATpase (sodium pump) = increase in sodium in the SR Sodium allows for more calcium in enter the cell = increase in contractility by shortening muscle fibers Increase SV and CO = increase preload Long half life Low therapeutic index P-glycoprotein pumps digoxin into the urine Increases parasympathetic activity Decreases sympathetic activity
46
Dobutamine
Positive inotropic drug Beta 1 agonist Treatment for heart failure Increase cardiac contractility by increasing calcium in cardiac myocytes Increase calcium influx by increasing cAMP Short half life
47
Milrinone
Positive inotropic drug Phosphodiesterase inhibitor "inodilators" Treatment for heart failure Increase cardiac contractility by increasing calcium in cardiac myocytes Increase calcium influx by increasing cAMP
48
Hockey stick configuration
ST segment depression
49
Anatacids
Can reduce the absorption of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effect Administer separately by 2 hours
50
Cholestryamine
Can reduce the absorption of digoxin and decrease its therapeutic effect Administer separately by 2 hours
51
Quinidine
Reduce digoxin clearance and increase serum digoxin levels by inhibiting P-glycoprotein mediated renal excretion
52
Acetazolamide
Diuretics Used for altitude sickness Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor Sodium bicarbonate is inhibited in the proximal tubule
53
Canagliflozin
Diuretics
54
Mannitol
Diuretics | Osmotic agent
55
Urearetics
Diuretics | Osmotic agent
56
Furosemide
Diuretics Loop agent Inhibits reabsorption of sodium in the thick ascending limb = produces a greater diuresis
57
Thiazides
Diuretics
58
Aldosterone antagonists
Diuretics
59
Anti-Diuretic Hormone antagonists
Attracts water from adjacent collecting duct | Increases urine concentration
60
Adenosine
Diuretics
61
Loop of Henle
Reabsorption of filtered sodium chloride Calcium and Magnesium are reabsorbed Enables urine to be concentrated by transporting sodium chloride into surrounding interstitium
62
Triamterene
``` Diuretic Treat high blood and edema Side effects Increase blood sugar levels Precipitate or worsens diabetes ```
63
Spironolactone
Potassium Sparing Diuretic | Acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules

Human Comprehensive Pharmacology 406 (2 decks)

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