Exam 2 Drugs Flashcards by Yukei Ng

Unfractionated Heparin (UFH)

Class: heparin

Use: prophylaxis and treatment of VTE

MOA: suppress fibrin formation (thrombin and factor Xa)

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daltePARIN (Fragmin)

Class: LMWH “-parin”

Use: prophylaxis and treatment of VTE, acute coronary syndromes

MOA: preferential Xa inactivation

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fondaprinux (Arixtra)

Class: factor Xa inhibitor

Use: prophylaxis and treatment of VTE

MOA: highly selective Xa inactivation (does not inhibit thrombin at all)

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warfarin (Coumadin)

Class: vit K antagonist

Use: prophylaxis and Tx of VTE, thrombosis, stroke, recurrent TIA and MI

MOA: block synthesis of factors VII, XI, X and prothrombin

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dabigatran etexilate (Pradax)

prodrug

Class: direct thrombin inhibitor (DOAC)

Use: VTE and stroke prophylaxis

MOA: inhibition of thrombin

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rivaroxABAN (Xaralto)

Class: direct factor Xa inhibitor (DOAC) “-aban”

Use: VTE and stroke prophylaxis

MOA: block factor Xa interaction with prothrombin

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Aspirin (low dose)

Class: antiplatelet

Use: prophylaxis and tx of VTE, thrombosis, stroke, recurrent TIA and MI

MOA: suppress platelet aggregation by irreversible inhibition of COX

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clopidogrel (Plavix)

prodrug

Class: antiplatelet, COX inhibitor

Use: prophylaxis of stroke

MOA: block ADP receptor, prevent platelet aggregation

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ticlopidine

Class: ADP receptor antagonist, antiplatelet

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Abciximab
Tirofiban
Eptifibatide

GP IIb/IIa receptor antagonist (anti-platelet)

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Humulin R

Novolin ge

Class: short-acting (regular) insulin

Use: control prandial glucose

MOA: turns off production of glucose in liver and stimulates glucose uptake in muscles

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lispro (Humalog)
aspart (NovoRapid)
glulisine (Apidra)

Class: rapid acting insulin analog

Use: control prandial glucose (higher peak, better control)

MOA: turns off glucose production in liver and stimulate glucose uptake in muscle

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Humulin N

Novolin ge NPH

Class: intermediate acting insulin

Use: control glucose (delayed onset, extended duration of action)

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Glargine (Lantus, Basaglar)

detemir (levemir)

Class: long acting insulin analog

Use: control glucose

MOA: slowly release insulin over 24 hrs, no peak effect, basal insulin

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degludec (Tresiba)

Class: ultra long acting insulin analog

Use: control glucose

MOA: long duration of action, up to 42 hours

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metformin

Class: non-insulin oral hypoglycemic agent

Use: lowers FPG and PPG

MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase insulin action (glucose uptake)

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pioGLITAZONE (Actos)

Class: thiazolidinediones, oral hypoglycemic agent “-glitazones”

Use: lower FPG and PPG

MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase glucose update

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glyburide (Diabeta)

Class: sulfonylureas, oral hypoglycemic agent

Use: lowers FPG and PPG

MOA: increase pancreatic insulin secretion

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repaGLINIDE (gluconorm)

Class: meglitinides, oral hypoglycemic “-glinide”

Use: lowers PPG

MOA: increase pancreatic insulin secretion

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sitaGLIPTIN (Januvia)

Class: DPP-4 inhibitor, oral hypoglycemic “-gliptin”

Use: lowers PPG

MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase insulin and decrease glucagon secretion in pancreas, decrease glucose and fat absorption in intestine

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Liraglutide (Victoza)

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Class: GLP-1 agonist, oral hypoglycemic

Use: lowers PPG

MOA: decrease glucose production in liver, increase insulin and decrease glucagon secretion in pancreas, decrease glucose and fat absorption in intestine

canaGLIFOZIN (Invokana)

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Class: sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, oral hypoglycemic

Use: lower FPG and PPG

MOA: increase glucose excretion in kidney

acarbose (Glucobay)

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Class: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, oral hypoglycemic

Use: lower PPG

MOA: inhibit gut enzyme to slow carbohydrate digestion

methotrexate

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Class: antimetabolites - folate analog

Use: growth phase neoplasm

MOA: prevent conversion of folic acid to active form - prevent DNA synthesis in S phase

Fluorouracil (5-FU) - IV | Capecitabine (Xeloda) - PO

Class: antimetabolite - pyrimidine (uracil) analog Use: growth phase neoplasm MOA: inhibit key enzymes needed to make DNA during S phase

VINcristine (Oncovin)

Class: mitotic inhibitor - vinca alkaloids "vin-" Use: growth phase neoplasm MOA: prevent cell division, inhibit M phase

paclitaxel (Taxol)

Class: mitotic inhibitor - taxanes Use: growth phase neoplasm MOA: prevent cell division, inhibit M phase

irinotecan (camptosar)

Class: topoisomerase I inhibitor Use: growth phase neoplasm MOA: prevent DNA replication in S phase

etoposide (Vepesid)

Class: topoisomerase II inhibitor Use: growth phase neoplasm MOA: prevent DNA replication and repair in S phase

cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Class: alkylating agent, cell cycle nonspecific cytotoxic drug Use: neoplasm MOA: injuries and prevents DNA replication

cisPLATIN

Class: platinum compound, cell cycle nonspecific cytotoxic drug "-platin" Use: neoplasm MOA: injuries and prevents DNA replication

doxoRUBICIN (Adriamycin)

Class: antitumour antibiotics, anthracyclines "-rubicin" Use: neoplasm MOA: disrupt DNA structure, prevent DNA repair

bleomycin

Class: antitumour antibiotics, nonanthracyclines Use: neoplasm MOA: disrupt DNA structure, prevent DNA repair

tamoxifen

Class: hormone antagonist, anti-estrogen Use: estrogen receptor positive breast cancer MOA: estrogen antagonist but agonist in bone and uterus tissue

anastrozole (Arimidex)

Class: aromatase inhibitor Use: estrogen receptor positive breast cancer MOA: blocks enzyme called aromatase, inhibits conversion of androgens to estrogen

corticosteroids use

- antiemetic - prevent hypersensitivity reaction - prevent edema

interferon alpha (Intron-A)

Class: biologic response modifiers Use: neoplasm MOA: immunomodulatory effect on tumour cells, NK cells, T cells and macrophages

trastuzuMAB (Herceptin)

Class: monoclonal antibodies "-mab" Use: breast cancer MOA: Mab against HER2 (human epidermal growth factor-2), inhibit cell growth

rituxiMAB (Rituxan)

Class: monoclonal antibodies "-mab" Use: leukemia, lymphoma MOA: bind to CD20 antigen causing cell lysis

imatiNIB (Gleevec)

Class: small molecule drugs "-nib" Use: chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) MOA: inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, impact cell signalling and survival

Aspirin

Class: first generation NSAID, acetylsalicyclic acid Use: pain, inflammation, prevent MI/stroke, antipyretic, antiplatelet MOA: inhibit COX-1 and COX-2

ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) naproxen (Aleve) Rx: ketorolac (Toradol)

Class: first generation NSAID Use: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic MOA: inhibit COX-1 and COX-2

celecoxib (Celebrex)

Class: second generation NSAID, coxibs, COX-2 inhibitor Use: suppress pain and inflammation MOA: inhibit COX-2

diclofenac (Volteran emulgel) | Rx: Pennsaid

Class: topical NSAID Use: osteoarthritis, joint/muscle pain

acetaminophen (Tylenol, Paracetamol)

Class: COX-inhibitor Use: analgesic, antipyretic MOA: inhibit COX in CNS, not periphery

epoetin alfa (Eprex) darbepoetin (Aranesp)

Class: erythropoiesis stimulating agent Use: anemia in CKD MOA: increase release of reticulocytes from bone marrow causing serum Hgb to rise

ferrous sulfate ferrous gluconate ferrous fumarate ``` iron dextran iron sucrose (Venofer) ```

Class: iron supplements Use: anemia of CKD, use with epoetin alfa MOA: iron is needed for Hgb to bind oxygen to RBC

calcium carbonate

Class: phosphate binder, calcium Use: hyperphosphatemia of CKD, hypocalcemia MOA: binds to dietary P in GI tract to decrease absorption and increase fecal elimination

sevelamer (Renagel)

Class: phosphate binder Use: hyperphosphatemia of CKD MOA: binds to dietary P in GI tract to decrease absorption and increase fecal elimination

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 calcitriol rocaltrol

Class: active vitamin D Use: hypocalcemia, hyperparathyroidism in CKD MOA: increase calcium absorption, suppress PTH synthesis

Exam 2 Drugs Flashcards

(50 cards)