Exam 2 Drugs

Question 1

furesomide (Lasix) 
What is the class of medicine of:

Answer 1

loop diuretics

Question 2

furesomide (Lasix)

what is it used for

Answer 2

HTN

Question 3

furesomide (Lasix)

MOA?

Answer 3

acts on ascending loop of Henle by inhibiting reabsorption of Na, K, Cl which prevents reabsorption of water

Question 4

furesomide (Lasix)

AEs?

Answer 4

dehydration, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hypokalaemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycaemia, increased LDL

Question 5

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
class of medicine?

Answer 5

thiazide diuretics

Question 6

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

used for?

Answer 6

HTN

Question 7

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

MOA?

Answer 7

acts on early part of convoluted tubule by inhibiting mechanism that favour Na reabsorption resulting in Na and K excretion and Ca reabsorption (so decrease water reabsorption)

Question 8

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

AE?

Answer 8

hypercalcemia, significant loss of K

other similar to loop diuretic

Question 9

spironolactone

class ?

Answer 9

potassium sparing diuretic

Question 10

spironolactone

Use

Answer 10

HTP

Question 11

spironolactone

MOA

Answer 11

limit reabsorption of Na and excretion of K

limit osmotic gradient which drives reabsorption go H2O from late distal convoluted tubule

Question 12

spironolactone

Ae?

Answer 12

hyperkalemia, nausea, lethargy, mental confusion

Question 13

amlodipine

class

Answer 13

calcium channel blockers - dihydropyridine

Question 14

amlodipine

MOA

Answer 14

block Ca entrance into vascular smooth muscle = vasodilation

Question 15

amlodipine

AE

Answer 15

bradycardia, tachycardia (due to reflex), sweating, tremor, hypotension

Question 16

diltiazem

class

Answer 16

calcium channel blockers - benzothiazepine

Question 17

diltiazem

MOA

Answer 17

block Ca entrance into vascular smooth muscle = vasodilation

Question 18

diltiazem

Answer 18

bradycardia, tachycardia (due to reflex), sweating, tremor, hypotension

Question 19

metoprolol

class

Answer 19

beta blockers - B1 specific

Question 20

metoprolol

MOA

Answer 20

selectively block B1 receptors without causing bronchoconstriction (B1= heart and kidney)

Question 21

metoprolol

AE

Answer 21

bradycardia, OH, dizziness

Question 22

propranolol

class

Answer 22

beta blocker - non selective

Question 23

propranolol

MOA

Answer 23

block B1 and B2 adrenoreceptors

Question 24

propranolol

AE

Answer 24

bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, OH, dizziness

Question 25

carvedilol class

Answer 25

beta blocker - B1 selective AND | non selective A1 and B1 antagonist

Question 26

carvedilol MOA

Answer 26

selectively block B1 receptors without causing bronchoconstriction (B1= heart and kidney)

Question 27

carvedilol AE

Answer 27

bradycardia, OH, dizziness

Question 28

lisinopril class

Answer 28

ACE inhibitor

Question 29

lisinopril MOA

Answer 29

block conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 = increase vasodilation and decrease aldosterone secretion which decrease water retention

Question 30

lisinopril AE

Answer 30

common: Dry cough, hypotension/dizziness, hyperkalemia rare: angioedema, acute renal failure

Question 31

enalapril class

Answer 31

ACE inhibitor

Question 32

ramipril class

Answer 32

ACE inhibitor

Question 33

losartan class

Answer 33

ARB

Question 34

losartan MOA

Answer 34

antagonist at AT1 receptors = block binding of angiotensin 2 = decrease in vasoconstriction, aldosterone release, constriction of efferent arterioles

Question 35

losartan AE

Answer 35

similar to ACE except no dry cough common: hypotension/dizziness, hyperkalemia rare: angioedema, acute renal failure

Question 36

valsartan class

Answer 36

ARB

Question 37

clonidine class

Answer 37

central acting alpha agonist - alpha 2

Question 38

clonidine AE

Answer 38

dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache

Question 39

nitroglycerin class

Answer 39

nitrate

Question 40

nitroglycerin use

Answer 40

angina

Question 41

nitroglycerin MOA

Answer 41

reduces the amount of intracellular calcium available for contraction decrease preload and afterload --> reduce workload of heart --> reduce O2 demand