Exam 2- Exercise and activity

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

Lateral movement away from midline

Question 2

Adduction

Answer 2

lateral movement toward the midline

Question 3

Circumduction

Answer 3

Turning in a circular motion

Question 4

Flexion

Answer 4

State of being bent

Question 5

Extension

Answer 5

State of being in a straight line

Question 6

Hyperextension

Answer 6

Exaggerated extension, angle greater than 180 degrees

Question 7

Dorflexion

Answer 7

Backward bending of hand or foot

Question 8

Plantar flexion

Answer 8

Flexion of foot

Question 9

Rotation

Answer 9

Turning on an axis

Question 10

Internal rotation

Answer 10

body part turning on its axis towards the midline

Question 11

External rotation

Answer 11

Body part turning on its axxis away from the midline

Question 12

Pronation

Answer 12

Rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm is faces down

Question 13

Supination

Answer 13

Rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm faces upward

Question 14

Inversion

Answer 14

Movement of the sole of the foot inward

Question 15

Eversion

Answer 15

Movement of the sole of the foot outward

Question 16

Opposition

Answer 16

Rotation of the thumb around its long access (to touch each finger tip)

Question 17

Paresis

Answer 17

Weakness

Question 18

Plegia

Answer 18

Paralysis

Question 19

Rhonchi

Answer 19

Sibilant Rhonchi- High pitched wheezing

Sonorous- low pitched wheezing

Question 20

Rales

Answer 20

Crackles

Question 21

Orthopedics

Answer 21

Correction or prevent of disorders of body structures used in locomotion

Question 22

An object is balanced when: (3)

Answer 22

Center of gravity is close to its base of support
the line of gravity goes through the base of support
the object has a wide base of support

Question 23

Balance occurs when body is in alignment, what is this body position

Answer 23

Spread feet shoulder width, flex hips and knees

Question 24

Fibrous Joint

Answer 24

Immovable- synarthrosis

example: Sutures between bones in skull

Question 25

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 25

slight moveable- amphiarthrosis | example: joints between vertebrae

Question 26

Synovial

Answer 26

``` freely movable (diarthrosis) example: Gliding, hinge, pivot ```

Question 27

Ball and socket joint

Answer 27

Synovial joint Shoulder and hip Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation can occur

Question 28

Condyloid joint

Answer 28

Synovial joint Wrist joint and joint connecting fingers to palm flexion, extension, abduction and adduction can occur

Question 29

Gliding joint

Answer 29

Synovial joint Carpal bones of the wrist and tarsal bones of the feet Flexion, extension, abduction and adduction can occur

Question 30

Hinge joint

Answer 30

Synovial joint Elbow, knee, ankle flexion and extension can occur

Question 31

Pivot joint

Answer 31

synovial joint between atlas and axis of neck and between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna limited rotation

Question 32

Saddle joint

Answer 32

Synovial joint joint between trapezium and metacarpal of thumb flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition can occur * Thumb is only joint that can perform opposition

Question 33

Tendon

Answer 33

Connects muscle to bone, reduces friction between moving parts of the joint

Question 34

Ligament

Answer 34

Connects bone to cartilage

Question 35

Cartilage

Answer 35

Hard, non-vascular connective tissue foind in joints shock absorber smooth surface

Question 36

Immobilities affect on cardiovascular system

Answer 36

- Increased cardiac workload - risk for orthostatic hypotension - risk for venous thrombosis formation - decreased circulating blood - pooling in lower extremities - decreased autonomic response

Question 37

Immobilities affect on respiratory system

Answer 37

-decrease depth and rate of respiration -pooling of secretions -impaired gas exchange -decreased hemoglobin levels -lungs shift position respiratory muscle weakness -stasis of secretions

Question 38

Immobilities affect on gastrointestinal system

Answer 38

- Altered protein metabolism - altered digestion - decrease in peristalsis - constipation - impaction, adequate fluid intake helps

Question 39

Immobilties affect on urinary system

Answer 39

- Decreased bladder muscle tone - increase risk for renal calculi - increase urinary stasis - recumbent position slows urinary flow - decreased output - risk for uti

Question 40

Immobilities affect on Musculoskeletal system

Answer 40

- Decrease in muscle size, tone and strength(atrophy) - Decreased strength and balance - joint contracture - disuse osteoporosis - pathological fractures

Question 41

Immobilities affect on metabolic system

Answer 41

- Metabolic rate falls - unintended weight gain - decreased oxygen demand - changes in metabolism of carbs, protein and fats - GI disturbances

Question 42

Immobilities affect on Integumentary system

Answer 42

- Increases risk for skin breakdown and increase pressure injury risk - pressure at bone prominences - ischemia - pressure ulcer formation

Question 43

Immobilities affect on psychological (system)

Answer 43

- increased sense of pwerlessness - decrease in self concept - decrease social interaction - decrease sensory stimulation - increase risk for depression - altered sleep patterns

Question 44

Immoblities affect on neurological system

Answer 44

- nerve impulses stimulate muscle to contract | - neurons conduct impulses from one part of the body to the other