bones at the base of the skull - underlie the brainstem

- contains the hypophyseal fossa - sella turcica

Exam 2 - Face and Skull Flashcards by Kassie Dick

bones forming the sides and roof of the skull

dermal bones

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endochondral bones

bones at the base of the skull

underlie the brainstem

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Only basicranial bone that is entirely preformed in cartilage

Ethmoid

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Sphenoid components

contains the hypophyseal fossa - sella turcica

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mass of air-filled outpocketings (air cells) from petrous part

mastoid process

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Base of the skull

occipital condyles
foramen magnum
supreme superior inferior nuchal lines
external occipital protuberance
pharyngeal protuberance

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mandible

Ramus:
 for muscle attachment 
lingula
condylar process
mandibular notch
coronoid process

Angle

Body
mental protuberance
mental foramen

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what muscle is the roof of the suboccipital triangle

semispinalis capitis muscle

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which component is the floor of the suboccipital triangle

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

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Contents of suboccipital triangle

hint: 3 nerves 1 artery

suboccipital nerve
greater occipital nerve
third occipital nerve
vertebral artery

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Muscles of Facial Expression

depresses mandible, tenses skin of inferior face and neck

platysma

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muscles of facial expression

elevates eyebrows, protracts scalp

occiptofrontalis

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Muscles of facial expression

closes eyelids

orbicularis oculi

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muscles of facial expression

depresses medial sides of eyebrows and wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose

procerus

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muscles of facial expression

depresses alae laterally and dilates anterior nasal aperture

nasalis

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muscles of facial expression

orbicularis oris

closes oral fissure, compresses and protrudes lips

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muscles of facial expression

part of dilators of mouth (2)

levator labii superioris

zygomaticus minor

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muscles of facial expression

elevates labial commissures (corner of mouth)

zygomaticus major

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muscles of facial expression

depresses labial commissures ( corners of mouth)

risorius

depressor anguli oris

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muscles of mouth/lips

mouth dilator, depresses and everts lower lip

depressor labii inferioris

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facial artery branches from the

external carotid artery

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superficial temporal divides into

frontal and parietal branches

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transverse facial anastomoses with which artery

facial

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sensory innervation of face

trigeminal nerve CN V

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three branches of trigeminal nerve, CN V

1- opthalamic 2- maxillary 3- mandibular

Which branch of CN V pass through superior orbital fissure containing what (4) nerves

Opthalamic Nerve - infratrochlear - supraorbital - supratrochlear - lacrimal nerve

what passes through foramen rotundum | which branch and subdivisions of CNV

Maxillary Nerve infraorbital nerve zygomaticofacial nerve zygomaticotemporal nerve

which foramen does the mandibular branch pass through

foramen ovale

Which nerve is the primary motor nerve to muscles of facial expression

cranial nerve 7 VII it supplies muscles derived from second pharyngeal arch ( hyoid arch)

branches of CN 7 | 5

``` temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical ```

what foramen does CN VII pass through

stylomastoid foramen

Layers of the Scalp

``` Skin Connective Tissue Aponeurosis - frontalis, occipitalis Loose areolar tissue Pericranium (periosteum) ```

Brain is supplied by

two internal carotid arteries | two vertebral arteries

The arteries that supply the brain lie within the

subarachnoid space the branches of the four arteries anastomoses on the inferior surface of the brain and form the circle of Willis

what is the function of circle of willis

interconnects the internal carotid and the vertebral system to create alternative routes for blood flow in case of blockage

Meninges and spaces | superficial to deep

epidural space > dura mater > subdural space > leptomeninx > pia mater

around the spinal cord, the dura mater forms a connective tissue tube that is separated from the bone of the vertebral foramina by a space referred to as the

epidural space

tough thick sheet of dense fibrous connective tissue

dura mater | "tough mother"

dural sinuses

dural venous sinuses are endothelial-lined spaces between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura.

CSF flow ``` Chelsea Please V Ape, Shain Always Does It. ```

choroid plexuses > ventricles > apetures > subarachnoid space > arachnoid villi > dural venous sinuses > internal jugular veins CPVapeSADIJ

the spaces between the arachnoid and pia mater are collectively referred to as _________ connected via delicate strands of connective tissue called _____________

subarachnoid space arachnoid trabeculae

thin, delicate sheet of connective tissue that lies directly on the surfaces of the brain and spinal cord

pia mater

air-filled cavity within petrous portion of temporal bone

tympanic cavity

which muscles reflexively respond to loud sounds

stapedius muscle | tensor tympani muscle

inner ear | three turns, resembles a snail shell, contains round window

cochlea

semicircular canals are dilated at one end to form

ampulla with crista ampullaris

inner ear

utricle, saccule with macula

CN IV

trochlear nerve

Bones of Orbit Roof

Roof: - orbital plate of frontal bone - sphenoid (lesser wings)

Sulcus terminalis

V-shaped groove that divides the tongue from anterior two-thirds and posterior 1/3

which bone is entirely pre-formed in cartilage? what cells are within this bone

ethmoid bone contains ethmoid air cells

mass of air-filled outpocketings (air cells) from petrous part this can become infected

mastoid process

this bone contains the dens (odontoid process) | which allows for lateral rotation of the head

AXIS | C2

which muscle is responsible for tensing skin of inferior face and neck, depressing mandible

platysma

CN V branches off into

V1 - opthalmic V2 - Maxillary V3 - mandibular

what foramen does the mandibular nerve pass through

foramen ovale

what foramen does the opthalmic branch pass through

superior orbital fissure

what foramen does the maxillary branch pass through

foramen rotundum

Bones of Orbit Floor

- orbital plate of maxilla - zygomatic - palatine

Bones of Orbit Medial

- Lacrimal - Frontal - Ethmoid

Bones of Orbit Lateral

- Zygomatic - Sphenoid (greater wings) - frontal

what is within anterior cranial fossae

frontal lobes of cerebrum

what is within the middle cranial fossae

temporal lobes of cerebrum

Posterior cranial fossae contains ____ | and is formed mostly by the _________

cerebellum, pons, medulla formed mostly by occipital bone

what is clivus

smooth bony structure within the posterior cranial fossae located just anterior to foramen magnum. almost like a "slipper slide"

Exam 2 - Face and Skull Flashcards

(65 cards)