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Nursing 2 > Exam 2 - Hematologic/Neoplasmic > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Hematologic/Neoplasmic Flashcards

1
Q

Red blood cells are called

A

erythrocytes

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2
Q

White Blood cells are called

A

leukocytes

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3
Q

plateletes are called

A

thrombocytes

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4
Q

2 types of thalassemia are

A

alpha thalassemia
beta thalassemia

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5
Q

alpha thalassemia is…

A

issues with synthesis of alpha chain on Hgb

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6
Q

beta thalassemia is…

A

issues with synthesis of beta chain of Hgb

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7
Q

beta minor thalassemia is…

A

mild microcytic anemia

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8
Q

microcytic anemia is…

A

something effects bone marrows ability to create new RBCs; TX not necessary

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9
Q

beta intermedia needs…

A

child requires blood transfusions to maintain quality of life

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10
Q

what is thalassemia…

A

inherited trait where body does not produce enough Hgb

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11
Q

beta major needs…

A

ongoing medical attention, blood transfusions, chelation therapy

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12
Q

chelation therapy is…

A

iron reducing therapy (chelators bind to iron and transport out of body)

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13
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura…

A

immune response following infection where body produces antiplatelet antibodies, destroying body’s platelets

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14
Q

S/S of ITP

A

petechiae
purpura
bruising

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15
Q

petechiae

A

pinpoint red/cola colored rash d/t superficial hemorrhaging; NON BLANCHABLE

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16
Q

purpura

A

purple/ecchymotic; large areas of hemmorhage underneath the skin d/t leaking of blood vessels

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17
Q

TX of ITP

A

corticosteroids or IgG (IgG given only if life threatening)

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18
Q

what is IgG

A

Immunoglobulin G - most common type of antibody formed by B cells

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19
Q

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

A

blood vessels become inflammed, typically after bacterial/viral infection; MALES

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20
Q

Henoch Schonlein Purpura S/S

A

abdominal pain
joint pain
purpura
vasculitis in skin/gut/kidneys

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21
Q

Henoch Schonlein Purpura TX

A

anticoags
Monitor Na levels –> can lead to HTN
IV therapy
corticosteroids (prednisone)
platelets
Analgesics

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22
Q

DIC stands for

A

Disseminated Intervascular Coagulation

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23
Q

DIC is…

A

activation of coagulation where thrombin is generated, fibrin id deposited, platelets are consumed

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24
Q

Causes of DIC

A

endotoxins
septic shock
necrotic tissue
injury

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25
Q

DIC S/S

A

hematuria
blood in stool
blood at IV site, mouth, wound
epistaxis
blood from umbilical cord (newborn)

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26
Q

DIC TX

A

low dose heparin
surgical intervention to find bleed

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27
Q

Why is heparin used to treat DIC?

A

heparin reduces consumption of platelets

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28
Q

Hemophilia A is…

A

Factor VIII deficiency –> bleeding into joints

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29
Q

Hemophilia A S/S

A

joint pain/swelling
epistaxis
bruising

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30
Q

Hemophilia A TX:

A

administer factor VIII supplement as prescribed
If bleeding in joint - apply ice
if bleeding in spine - apply pressure
Desmopressin

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31
Q

Desmopressin

A

Antidiuretic; synthetic form of vasopressin
vasoconstriction, fluid retention
increases BP

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32
Q

Hemophilia B is…

A

factor IX definciency
prolonged bleeding and oozing

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33
Q

Christmas disease is also known as

A

hemophilia B

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34
Q

Hemophilia B S/S

A

spontaneous epistaxis
tar like stool
hematuria
coffee ground vomit
bruising
bleeding into joints

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35
Q

Hemophilia B TX

A

factor IX replacement therapy

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36
Q

Hemophilia C is…

A

factor XI deficiency
inherited

37
Q

Hemophilia C S/S

A

bleeding into joints
heavy menses (if female)
hematuria
epistaxis

38
Q

Hemophilia C TX

A

factor XI replacement therapy

39
Q

von Willebrand Disease is…

A

blood doesnt clot properly; inherited disorder

40
Q

von Willebrand S/S

A

easily bruised
frequent nosebleeds
menoragghia

41
Q

von Willebrand TX

A

desmopression
administer vWF (von willebrand factor) if bleeding does occur
monitor I/O
monitor fluid balance

42
Q

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is…

A

autosomal recessive disorder where RBCs are sickle shaped and sticky –> shorter life span –> decreased amount of Hgb

43
Q

SCD complications

A

major vaso occlusive pain crises
stroke
sepsis
cholestatis (reduced or stopped bile flow)
gall stones
delayed G&D

44
Q

SCD S/S

A

increased incidence of bed wetting in children
pain
low H/H
hypoxia
FTT
dizziness/fatigue

45
Q

SCD TX

A

oxygen therapy
IV hydration
analgesics

46
Q

SCD Diagnostic Tests

A

increase of reticulocytes
HgB is 7-10 (11-14 in non SCD people)
elevated ESR
elevated platelet count
peripheral blood smear (can visualize sickled RBC)
abnormal LFT with elevated bilirubin

47
Q

Thrombocytopenia is…

A

low platelet count

48
Q

Thrombocytopenia S/S

A

easily bruised
bleeding

49
Q

Thrombocytopenia TX

A

give platelet products

50
Q

Leukemia is

A

cancer of blood cells; bone marrow disease where normal elements are replaced w/ WBCs

51
Q

Acute Lymphostatic Leukemia (ALL) affects…

A

B and T cells

52
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) affects…

A

production/death of blood cells; elevated amount of myeloid cells

53
Q

myeloid cells are…

A

cells from bone marrow that will later form into specific type of blood cell

54
Q

ALL/AML TX:

A

chemotherapy to eradicate leukemic cells

55
Q

Hodgkins Lymphoma is…

A

malignant B lymphocytes grow in lymph tissues; could be linked to previous staph infection

56
Q

hodgkins lymphoma S/S

A

enlarged visibly lymph
weight loss
malaise
fatigue
drenched night sweats
anorexia
fever

57
Q

Non Hodgkins Lymphoma is…

A

leukemia that results from mutations in B and T cells that leda to uncontrolled growth

58
Q

Non Hodgkins Lymphoma S/S

A

lymphocytes deep within body (not visible)
facial edema
veinous engorgement
abdominal pain
work/labored breathing
diarrhea
constipation

59
Q

TX for Hodgkins and Non Hodgkins

A

chemotherapy

60
Q

Medulloblastoma is…

A

tumor that is in the cerebellum; most common type of brain cancer in children

61
Q

cerebellum is responsible for…

A

coordination, balance, movement

62
Q

Medulloblastoma characteristics

A

Peaks at 5-10 y.o
grows rapidly –> increased ICP
highly malignant
seeds on CNS pathways

63
Q

Brain Stem Glioma

A

cancer of the brain stem

64
Q

Brain stem glioma characteristics

A

aggressive
difficult to resect
resistent to chemo
spreads widely in brainstem, but rarely to external brain
affects cranial nerve function

65
Q

Ependymoma

A

cancer of floor of 4th ventricle

66
Q

Ependymoma characteristics

A

varying speeds of growth
often causes hydrocephalus
usually diagnosed before it spreads

67
Q

Astrocytoma

A

cancer of thalamus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, cerebral hemisphere

68
Q

Astrocytoma characteristics

A

slow course w/ insidious onset
responsive to chemo/ resectable
causes slowly increasing ICP
low grade - resectable
high grade - poor prognosis

69
Q

SOME THINGS TO LOOK FOR WHEN IT COMES TO BRAIN CANCER

A

Strabismus, nystagmus, sunset eyes, head tilt, alteration in sensation, gait disturbance

70
Q

Neuroblastoma is…

A

tumor on the adrenal glands

71
Q

adrenal gland responsible for…

A

production and secretion of cortisol, aldosterone, epi, norepi, estrogen, testosterone

72
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

cancer of bone marrow cells; most common in long bone of proximal humerus, proximal tibia, distal femur

73
Q

Osteosarcoma TX:

A

removal or chemotherapy; radiation not helpful

74
Q

Wilms Tumor

A

renal tumor type; idiopathic; only affects one kidney

75
Q

Wilms Tumor DXed at..

A

ages 2-5

76
Q

Wilms Tumor TX

A

surgical intervention for removal

77
Q

Rhabdomysarcoma

A

cancer of the soft tissue; usually arises from embryonic or mesenchymal; diagnosed ages 2-5

78
Q

Most common sites for rhabdomysarcoma…

A

head, neck, GU tract, extremities

79
Q

Rhabdomysarcoma TX

A

surgical removal followed by chemo and radiation

80
Q

Retinosarcoma is…

A

cancer of the eye

81
Q

retinosarcoma characteristics…

A

highly malignant tumor that arises from embryonic retinal cells
congenital
diagnosed from infancy to age 5

82
Q

retinosarcoma S/S:

A

leukocoria (white pupils)

83
Q

retinosarcoma TX

A

chemotherapy for reduction

84
Q

Population susceptible to sickle cell

A

HIV positive (r/t poorly screened blood transfusions)
hepataitis

85
Q

Iron deficient supplement

A

ferrous sulfate

86
Q

ferrous sulfate side effects are

A

CONSTIPATION

87
Q

what medicine is given WITH ferrous sulfate

A

colace

88
Q

what type of medicine is colace

A

emollient laxative (increases amount of water stool absorbs in GI)

Nursing 2 (6 decks)

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