Exam #2 Hip, Shoulder, Knee, Trauma

Question 1

What shape would best describe the medial tibial plateau?

Answer 1

Concave; at the very top of tibia

Question 2

Is the lateral tibial plateau the same shape as the medial? Why do you think so?

Answer 2

convex/flat. It doesn’t actually connect bone to bone

Question 3

Is the fibula considered part of the knee joint?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

Which bones compromise the knee joint?

Answer 4

Patella, femur, tibia: why the knee is the largest joint in the body

Question 5

Sciatic nerve bifurcates into 2 nerves. What are they?

Answer 5

common peroneal nerve (fibular nerve) and tibial nerve. Tibial goes right behind tibia and peroneal goes alongside the fibula on the lateral side

Question 6

What muscle group flexes the knee?

Answer 6

Hamstrings (semitendinosous, biceps femoris, demimembranosus)

Question 7

What muscle group extends the knee?

Answer 7

Quadriceps

Question 8

What is the fibula in terms of directional vocab?

Answer 8

Lateral

Question 9

What is the main artery and vein that go behind the tibia?

Answer 9

popliteal artery and vein

Question 10

What comes together to form the acetabulum? (socket)

Answer 10

Ilium, Ischium and the pubis

Question 11

Where do the sciatic nerve and femoral artery come from?

Answer 11

sciatic comes from back of hip, femoral artery from the front

Question 12

What are the four ligaments that make up the knee?

Answer 12

ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL

Question 13

Is synovial fluid vital for joints?

Answer 13

Yes, it reduces friction between articular cartilage of joints

Question 14

Adduction

Answer 14

closer to midline

Question 15

Abduction

Answer 15

away from midline

Question 16

Avascular

Answer 16

no blood flow/without blood

Question 17

Aneural

Answer 17

no nerve endings/without nerves

Question 18

What is both avascular and aneural?

Answer 18

Cartilage

Question 19

What is the alternative for cartilage wearing out?

Answer 19

joint replacement

Question 20

Name the soft tissue structures that attach to the femoral neck:

Answer 20

ilifemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral ligaments

Question 21

Is there another name for the soft tissue structures that attach to the femoral neck?

Answer 21

joint capsule “hip capsule”

Question 22

What muscle group acts to flex the hip?

Answer 22

quads flex the hip; hamstrings extend the hip

Question 23

What does the quadriceps muscle group do for knee movement?

Answer 23

quads extend the knee; hamstrings flex it

Question 24

What does ASIS stand for and where is it located?

Answer 24

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine: bony landmark to tell you where your hip socket is; top of iliac spine

Question 25

What structure helps to deepen the acetabulum and assists in stabilizing the hip?

Answer 25

Labrum

Question 26

In addition to the term "acetabulum", what other term is commonly used by the surgeon to reference this landmark?

Answer 26

socket

Question 27

(T/F) This diaphysis is considered the shaft of the long bone?

Answer 27

T

Question 28

What are the 3 components of the long bones?

Answer 28

Metaphysis, Epaphysis, Diaphysos

Question 29

(T/F) The tibia and fibula cross over each other like the radius and ulna do

Answer 29

F

Question 30

If a bone fractures into 3 or more segments, which is the classification of the fracture?

Answer 30

Comminuted

Question 31

A compound fracture is one where the bone protrudes from the individual's skin. What do we call that fracture today?

Answer 31

Open fracture

Question 32

(T/F) The scapula attaches to the thoracic spine.

Answer 32

F

Question 33

How many bones compromise the shoulder girdle? What are the names of these bones?

Answer 33

3- clavicle, humerus, scapula

Question 34

Where does most the movement in the shoulder girdle occur?

Answer 34

glenohumeral joint (humerus)

Question 35

(T/F) The humerus is anteverted to articulate with glenoid, similar to how the femur is positioned with the acetabulum.

Answer 35

F- humerus is retroverted

Question 36

Name the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 36

supraspinatus, ifraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 37

(T/F) Generally you might expect the glenoid to be positioned with either anteversion or retroversion

Answer 37

T- fairly neutral but some people have it will be slightly one way or the other

Question 38

Label the ACL, PCL, MCL, ACL

Answer 38

look it up

Question 39

Label the popliteal vein and artery, sciatic nerve, peroneal nerve and tibial nerve

Answer 39

look it up

Question 40

Label the Iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments

Answer 40

look it up

Question 41

Label the anterior superior iliac spine

Answer 41

look it up

Question 42

Multifragmentary fracture

Answer 42

one big segmental piece

Question 43

Antverted

Answer 43

forward facing (hip

Question 44

Retroverted

Answer 44

backward facing (shoulder)

Question 45

Most commons torn rotator cuff muscle

Answer 45

supraspinatus

Question 46

Corticaol bone vrs. cancellous bone

Answer 46

outside hard bone, spongy inside bone

Question 47

Displaced fracture

Answer 47

bone is no longer in alignment, usually requires surgery

Question 48

non disaplaced fracture

Answer 48

bone is still in alignment- casts/splint/brace

Question 49

intra-articular fracture

Answer 49

fracture that goes into the joint space, worried now about soft tissue damage

Question 50

extra-articular fracture

Answer 50

any fracture outside of the joint space, only worried about the bone

Question 51

Bursa

Answer 51

synovial fluid sacs of joints

Question 52

acute injury

Answer 52

sudden overload of bone/tissue

Question 53

chronic injury

Answer 53

built up over time

Question 54

edema

Answer 54

swelling

Question 55

contusion

Answer 55

bruising

Question 56

4 steps of bone repair

Answer 56

1. Hematoma 2. Tissue regeneration (soft callus) 3. Tissue regeneration (hard callus) 4. Tissue/bone remodeling