Exam 2 - HIV/AIDS and Varicose Veins Flashcards
(25 cards)
Most common infection that occurs; if left untreated, could progress an dcause resp impairment/failure
Pneumocystic pneumonia
Fungal infection, creamy white patches on tongue that if left untreated, can progress into esophagus and stomach
Candidiasis
Most common malignancy; variable and aggressive course and can involve multiple organs. Brownish, pink to deep purple, can be flat or raised surrounded by ecchymoses and edema
Kaposi’s sarcoma
How is mycobacterium avium complex treated?
Zithromax
How is infection treated?
Antibiotics TMZ-SMP Bactrim
How is diarrhea treated?
Sandostatin (octreotide acetate)
How is candidiasis treated?
Nystatin - antifungal
What causes HIV blindness?
cystomegliovirus retinitis
How do you treat HIV blindness?
Ganciclovir
How do you provide respiratory support?
Positioning - semi-Fowler’s
Incentive spirometry
Oxygen (humidified)
Pulmonary hygiene - suctioning, turn and cough, deep breathing, percussion
Nursing considerations for HIV/AIDS
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
Monitor for s/sx of infection and prevent spread of infection
Initiate standard precautions
Provide adequate nutritional support as ordered - BRAT diet and plenty of fluids. Low fat and lactose, increase fiber, no caffeine
What may be ordered for decreased appetite?
Megace
Measures number of T helper cells; predicts disease progression and measures effectiveness of medication against HIV
CD4+ count
positive results confirms diagnosis if EIA is positive
Western blot test
Measures HIV RNA
Viral load test
Most common, least expensive test used to screen for AIDS and diagnose HIV infection. Uses an enzyme linked to an antibody or antigen as a marker for detecting a specific protein; marks end of window period
EIA
Experience flu-like symptoms, lasts a few weeks
Stage I - primary HIV infection
Individuals are free from symptoms of HIV; levels of HIV are low in the blood
Stage II - HIV asymptomatic
CD4+ count falls between 499-200 mm/cells: experiences symptoms caused by HIV infection
Stage III - HIV symptomatic
Diagnosed as having AIDS; cannot return to HIV stage
Stage IV - AIDS
Highly active antiretroviral therapy - protocol to treat actual virus. Goal is to slow down the progression and decrease viral load, prolong asymptomatic phase. Typically 3-4 meds. Cutoff for starting is if pt gets down to 350 CD4+ cells.
HAART
Meds used in HAART
NNRTIs (Rescriptor, Sustiva)
NRTIs (Retrovir)
Protease inhibitors (Agenerase, Viracept, Invirase, Crixivan)
Fusion inhibitors (Fuzeon)
Prevention strategies for varicose veins
Avoid activities that cause venous stasis
Change positions frequently
Elevate legs 3-6 in higher than heart level
Walk for several minutes of q hr to promote circulation - walking 1-2 miles daily
Graduate compression stockings
Lose weight
Post surgery nursing considerations for ligation and stripping of varicose veins
Make sure they are up and walking immediately, 5-10 min every hour and increase as tolerated
Right after surgery and up to a week, will have compression stockings on all the time
Elevate HOB 15 degrees
Do not sit or stand for long periods of time
Usually can shower 24hrs after surgery using warm water and mild soap.
Use sunscreen.
