exam 2 (Intro to Psych)

Question 1

what did Alfred Binet develop?

Answer 1

he developed a way to see development of a child’s mind (IQ)

Question 2

what did Alfred Binet establish?

Answer 2

norms

Question 3

what is IQ?

Answer 3

intelligence quotient, what is measured by a standardized test of intelligence.

Question 4

what is the history of IQ?

Answer 4

Is test arose from the need to exempt children from formal schooling

Question 5

what is the formula for IQ?

Question 6

what is MA and CA from IQ?

Answer 6

MA- Mental age
CA= chronological age

Question 7

what are the two sub scales for IQ?

Answer 7

what are the two sub scales for IQ?

Question 8

what is WAIC?

Answer 8

Wechlser adult intelligence scale

Question 9

is intelligence something people have more or less of as a whole with what?

Answer 9

g factor (measurement of general education)

Question 10

s intelligence a independent skill with what?

Answer 10

spearman g (general intelligence)

Question 11

what was Thurstone’s idea?

Answer 11

the idea of separation of primary skills

Question 12

what was Howard gardeners theory?

Answer 12

there are different types of intelligence

Question 13

what are Gardeners types of intelligence?

Answer 13

1. verbal/linguistic intelligence
2. logical/mathematical intelligence
3. kinesthic intelligence
4. visual/ spatial intelligence
5. interpersonal intelligence
6. intrapersonal intelligence
7. naturalist intelligence
8. existentialist

Question 14

what makes a good test?

Answer 14

1. reliability ( test gives same results time after time)
2. validity (the test measures what it is supposed to measure)
3. good IQ test should be standardized

Question 15

what is mental load and what does it decrease?

Answer 15

demands on working memory
it decreases creative thinking

Question 16

what is cognitive psychology?

Answer 16

the way in which information is processed and manipulated in remembering, think, and knowing

Question 17

what are the two routes to cognitive decision?

Answer 17

1. fast, intuition emotion, use “heuristics (hunches)
2. conscious with effort, heavy on topic (rational)

Question 18

what is cognitive bias?

Answer 18

this is the term to use when people are not realizing how much their thinking is influenced by decision making short cuts

Question 19

what is availability in cognitive bias?

Answer 19

the tendency to over estimate the likely hood of events with greater availability in memory, which can be influenced by how recent the memories are or how unusual or emotionally charged they may be

Question 20

what is the availibailty heuristic?

Answer 20

you know a small amount of information to make your decision when there is a lot of information to it

Question 21

what is confirmation bias?

Answer 21

the tendency to search for, focus on and remember information in a way that confirms you beliefs

Question 22

research on confirmation bias

Answer 22

humans love to be right

Question 23

what was Craig Andersons research?

Answer 23

1. (click) provide people made-up information
2. (consider) let them discover a connection planted int he information
3. (comment) ask them to write about their discovery
4. (cling) watch the adhere to their new belief
5. repeat step for over and over again

Question 24

what did dunning Kruger create?

Answer 24

the cognitive bias is a cognitive bias in which people mistakenly assess their cognitive ability as greater than it is

Question 25

how is stress involved with cognitive bias?

Answer 25

response to circumstances and events that threaten an individual and or strain coping ability

Question 26

what is psychoneuroimmunology?

Answer 26

the study of attitudes and emotions influencing brain and immune system ex. after the death of a spouse, most peoples health declines

Question 27

what do emotions do?

Answer 27

emotions do help us make intelligent decisions and are adaptive

Question 28

what are emotional responses that could increase our chance of survival?

Answer 28

1. they signal something is important 2. they guide us to not repeat things that are too dangerous or cause harm 3. they guide us to retreat behaviors that resulted in favorable outcomes

Question 29

who created the theory of emotions?

Answer 29

William James and Carl Lange

Question 30

what was the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Answer 30

That the physical recaption causes the emotion This theory also predicts that if you if your body doesn't get the emotions you would simply no feel any emotion.

Question 31

what is LeDoux view to emotion?

Answer 31

"some emotions wooer to operate independent of thoughts, as sort of the reflex but other emotions require appraisal and analysis"

Question 32

what was Cannon-Bard theory for emotion?

Answer 32

1. bear running then when the brain notes it 2. the body will response and express emotion at the SAME TIME

Question 33

what was James-lange theory in simple terms?

Answer 33

the expierence of an emotion is caused by the body's response

Question 34

what was Connor-Bard theory in simple terms?

Answer 34

the experience of emotion is separate from body response, they are separate responses that occur at the same time

Question 35

what is the 2 factor theory?

Answer 35

when we find ourselves physically aroused we then have to look to environment for why... we then label the emotion (focus on misattribution possibilities)

Question 36

what is Paige's stages of cognitive development?

Answer 36

1. sensorimotor (birth-2 years) 2. pre operational (2-7 years) 3. concrete operational (7-11 years) 4. formal operational (adolescent-adulthood)

Question 37

what do infant think about?

Answer 37

believed that they know nothing and will learn everything through their senses or movement

Question 38

what do preschoolers think (Piaget stages)?

Answer 38

1. they think with the use of symbols 2. unable to use rules of logic 3. cannot mentally reverse an action int heir mind 4. cannot image another viewpoint

Question 39

what do kids think (Piaget stages)?

Answer 39

1. can not think abstractly

Question 40

what do adults think (Piaget stages)?

Answer 40

1. adult like thinking 2. abstract thinking is possible allowing new types of thoughts

Question 41

what are the critics to Piagets theory of development?

Answer 41

1. Baillargeon's research shows flaws with object permanence 2. may be. better to think of Cog Deep as a continual change; rather than stage like