Exam 2 Key Terms

Question 1

Dysfunction of adipose tissue that causes chronic inflammation and disease…

Answer 1

Adiposopathy

Question 2

Relating to obesity; term derives from two Greek words meaning “weight” and “treatment”

Answer 2

Bariatric

Question 3

A weight-to-height ratio, calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared; the most common measure used to classify and diagnose obesity

Answer 3

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Question 4

physiologic response to rapid emptying of gastric contents into the jejunum, manifested by nausea, weakness, sweating, palpitations, syncope, and possibly diarrhea (synonym: vagotomy syndrome)

Answer 4

Dumping Syndrome

Question 5

difficulty swallowing

Answer 5

Dysphagia

Question 6

the total complement of individual genes in an organism

Answer 6

Genome

Question 7

The collective genome of all microbes in a microbiota

Answer 7

Microbiome

Question 8

The complement of microbes in a given environment

Answer 8

Microbiota

Question 9

A disease characterized by an abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that impairs health

Answer 9

Obesity

Question 10

A factor that promotes weight gain and obesity

Answer 10

Obesogenic

Question 11

A factor that stimulates appetite

Answer 11

Orexigenic

Question 12

feeling of having eaten sufficient quantities of food

Answer 12

Satiety

Question 13

sudden, severe onset of acute liver failure that occurs within 8 weeks after the first symptoms of jaundice (formerly: fulminant hepatic failure)

Answer 13

Acute hepatic failure

Question 14

an albumin-rich fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity

Answer 14

Ascites

Question 15

involuntary flapping movements of the hands

Answer 15

Asterixis

Question 16

a chronic liver disease characterized by fibrotic changes, the formation of dense connective tissue within the liver, subsequent degenerative changes, and loss of functioning cells

Answer 16

Cirrhosis

Question 17

inability to draw figures in two or three dimensions

Answer 17

Constructional apraxia

Question 18

procedure that uses a modified endoscope loaded with an elastic rubber band passed through an overtube directly onto the varix (or varices) to be banded to ligate the area and stop bleeding (synonym: variceal banding)

Answer 18

Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL)

Question 19

sweet, slightly fecal odor to the breath, presumed to be of intestinal origin

Answer 19

Fector hepaticus

Question 20

central nervous system dysfunction frequently associated with elevated ammonia levels that produce changes in mental status, altered level of consciousness, and coma

Answer 20

hepatic encephalopathy

Question 21

condition where the body tissues, including the sclerae and the skin, become tinged yellow or greenish-yellow, due to high bilirubin levels

Answer 21

Jaundice

Question 22

grafting of a donor liver into the normal anatomic location, with removal of the diseased native liver

Answer 22

orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)

Question 23

elevated pressure in the portal circulation resulting from obstruction of venous flow into and through the liver

Answer 23

portal hypertension

Question 24

the injection of substances into or around esophagogastric varices to cause constriction, thickening, and hardening of the vessel and stop bleeding

Answer 24

sclerotherapy