Exam 2 Lecture 10 Population Dynamics

Question 1

What processes determine current population size (Nt)?

Answer 1

• Number of immigrants/joiners(I)
• Number that emigrate/leave (E)

Question 2

Two levels of consideration for roles dispersal

Answer 2

• Dispersal affects range expansion and contraction–
• Dispersal affects local population densities

Question 3

The distribution and abundance of organisms is

Answer 3

dynamic!

Question 4

Dispersal is variable _____ populations

Answer 4

within

Question 5

Dispersal abilities within populations have _____

Answer 5

Large amount of variation

Question 6

________have the potential to influence the population range

Answer 6

Those few individuals that disperse far

Question 7

_____ influence dispersion patterns within the population

Answer 7

Those individuals that disperse locally

Question 8

Which species is likely to respond to rapid climate change with shifts in population range?

• A.Africanized honey bees
• B.Eurasian collared doves
• C.White-tailed deerDispersal

Answer 8

A.Africanized honey bees

Question 9

What processes determine current population size (Nt)?

Answer 9

Number of births (B)•Number of deaths (d)

Question 10

Life tables are…

Answer 10

a useful tool for inferring population processes

Question 11

Life tables Provide….

Answer 11

a picture of survival and mortality in populations

Question 12

Life tables are Used to….

Answer 12

explore population dynamics in context of –birth–death–survivorship–age distribution

Question 13

Life tables Consist of…

Answer 13

a series of columns which describe aspects of mortality and reproductive output for members of a population according to age.

Question 14

Life tables are Representative of

Answer 14

a cohort

Question 15

a cohort

Answer 15

a group of individuals born at the same time

Question 16

If cohorts are similar over time,

Answer 16

hey can be used to describe a population

Question 17

If populations are similar over time and space

Answer 17

they can be used to describe a species

Question 18

Uses of Life tables

Answer 18

–Analyze probabilities of survival of individuals in a population–Determine ages most vulnerable to mortality–Predict population growth–Make inferences about the environmental factors (biotic and abiotic) and intrinsic factors (life history tradeoffs) that influence population distribution and abundance

Question 19

Methods of Staic Life tables

Answer 19

Static life table

Age distribution

Question 20

Static life table

Answer 20

Record age at death of individuals within a certain time period

Question 21

use of Static life table

Answer 21

for mobile and long-lived organisms

Question 22

Age distribution

Answer 22

Calculate difference in proportion of individuals in succeeding age classes

Question 23

Assumptions of Age distribution

Answer 23

Assumes differences are due to mortality

Question 24

Cohort life table

Answer 24

Identify individuals born at same time and keep records from birth to death

Question 25

use of Cohort life table

Answer 25

Useful for plants and sessile organisms or relatively short-lived species

Question 26

How to make a life table

Answer 26

1. Record the number of individuals alive (Nx) in each age class 2Record the number of deaths in each age class

Question 27

Age class is determined by

Answer 27

census interval •(x to x +1)

Question 28

he number of deaths in each age class–Can infer

Answer 28

mortality rate based on proportion surviving•Nx / N0 (N0 is the number of individuals at time = 0)

Question 29

Dynamic life table

Answer 29

Cohort life table

Question 30

life table for plants and sessile organisms

Answer 30

Cohort (dynamic) life table

Question 31

life table for mobile and long-lived organisms

Answer 31

Static life table

Question 32

Some ___ and most ___ have ____ \_\_\_ of young

Answer 32

plants, animals, survivorship

Question 33

Some ___ and ___ have a more ___ \_\_\_\_ or _____ through live

Answer 33

birds, amphibians, constant survivorship, mortality

Question 34

What can you infer about his parental care in this cohort?

Answer 34

Parental care is low

Question 35

Many \_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_, and ___ have very ___ \_\_\_\_\_\_ as juveniles

Answer 35

plants, invertebrates, anphibians, fish, low survivorship

Question 36

WE can classify populations based on

Answer 36

survivorship patterns (Many populations do not fit these lines exactly, but they provide theoretical limits on population dynamics)

Question 37

Classifying populations based on survivorship patterns is useful for...

Answer 37

investigating the source of changing population

Question 38

Which Survivorship curve do U.S. human populations best fit?

Answer 38

Type 1

Question 39

type 1 survivorship curve

Answer 39

11

Question 40

type 2 survivorship curve

Answer 40

11

Question 41

type 3 survivorship curve

Answer 41

11

Question 42

If human populations shifted to a type II pattern, what could we surmise happened to mortality rates?

Answer 42

B.Mortality may have increased among younger people

Question 43

Which survivorship curve is most representative of semelparous species?

Answer 43

?

Question 44

r vs k: survivorship curve

Answer 44

13

Question 45

Age distribution of a population reflects:

Answer 45

* –History of survival (high and low periods * )–Periods of successful reproduction * –Growth potential

Question 46

–Growth potential

Answer 46

Are older individuals replacing themselves or not?

Question 47

age distributions give us ____ \_\_\_\_ of population growth

Answer 47

qualitative assessments

Question 48

Which country will grow faster?

Answer 48

Costa Rica is likely to grow faster than Sweden, because it has more young people to replace those that die

Question 49

age distributions provide evidence of

Answer 49

reproductive failures or low survival periods

Question 50

Interpret: 15

Answer 50

There may have been a reproductive failure or a major disturbance 60 years ago