Exam 2 (Memorization): Energy, Enzyme, Photosynthesis, Cell Respiration, and Cell Division

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

Capacity to do work

Question 2

Kinetic Energy

Answer 2

The energy of movement

Question 3

Potential Energy

Answer 3

Stored energy often related to location or position (include: chemical energy)

Question 4

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 4

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only altered in form

Question 5

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

Energy is transferred or transformed, more and more of it is wasted

Question 6

Entropy

Answer 6

Tends to increase as energy transformation occur, put in constant energy

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

Sum total of all chemical reactions in a living organism

Question 8

Anabolic

Answer 8

Putting molecules together requires energy input. Ex: Reactant +free energy =>Product(s)

Question 9

Catabolic

Answer 9

Breaking down molecules releases energy. Ex: Reactant => Product(s) + free energy

Question 10

Autotroph (self-feeding)

Answer 10

Sustain themselves without eating or decomposing other organisms (they make organic molecules from inorganic raw material)

Question 11

Heterotroph (other-feeding)

Answer 11

Sustain themselves by eating or decomposing other organisms

Question 12

Enzyme

Answer 12

1) Proteins are enzymes
2) Molecules that catalyze reactions (increase the rate of reaction)
3) Has an active site that matches particular substrate

Question 13

Catalyst

Answer 13

Any substance that increases the rate of a reaction without itself being consumed

Question 14

Active site

Answer 14

Enzyme that is in region that binds substrate molecules

Question 15

Substrate

Answer 15

Substance on which an enzyme can act

Question 16

Photosynthesis

Answer 16

The process in which green plants use sunlight to make their food.

Question 17

Chloroplast

Answer 17

The structure found in plant to specialize in converting sunlight into energy that plants can use

Question 18

Chlorophyll

Answer 18

Green pigment located inside chloroplast, building blocks of plants

Question 19

Stroma

Answer 19

Colorless fluid-like matrix of a cell to help functioning support the cell

Question 20

Stromata

Answer 20

Gel-alike from the chloroplasts and certain cells

Question 21

G3P

Answer 21

Product of Calvin Cycle (3-carbon)

Question 22

Mitochondria

Answer 22

Organelle within eukaryotic cells that produce ATP

Question 23

Aerobic

Answer 23

Exchange two gases ~ oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 24

Anaerobic

Answer 24

Respiration occur without oxygen, and release less energy

Question 25

Cellular respiration

Answer 25

A series of metabolic processes that take place within a cell

Question 26

Fermentation

Answer 26

Chemical change that happen in vegetable or animal substance

Question 27

Gene

Answer 27

Carry the information that determines the trait

Question 28

Chromatin

Answer 28

Genetic material or a macromolecule comprising DNA, RNA and protein (DNA + protein that assist in organizational structure)

Question 29

Sister chromatid

Answer 29

Dividing cells, each chromosome has connected at the centromere

Question 30

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 30

23 pairs of 1 copy from each parent (chromosome pairs inherited from each)

Question 31

Diploid

Answer 31

Cell containing two sets of chromosomes

Question 32

Haploid

Answer 32

Cell containing single set of chromosome

Question 33

Cell cycle

Answer 33

Regulating by dividing into dividing and non-dividing (interphase) sections

Question 34

Mitosis

Answer 34

The general form of replication (growth, replacement) and does not require input from the organism

Question 35

Gamete

Answer 35

Haploid cell = 1 diploid cell (gender) and an organism’s reproductive cell

Question 36

Non-disjunction

Answer 36

Failed separation of chromosomes during cell division

Question 37

The act of flipping a light switch and the resulting light that fills a dark room are both examples of:

Answer 37

Kinetic energy

Question 38

According to the laws of thermodynamics, energy can be

Answer 38

Transformed but not created or destroyed

Question 39

A chemical reaction combines two small, low-energy monosaccharides into one larger, higher-energy disaccharide. The reaction would be classified as follows:

Answer 39

Endergonic and anabolic

Question 40

A molecule is similar but not identical to the substrate binding to the active site of an enzyme, preventing it from catalyzing a reaction. The molecule is an

Answer 40

Competitive inhibitor

Question 41

The part of the chloroplast where the Calvin Cycle occurs is the:

Answer 41

Stroma

Question 42

In photosynthesis, NADP becomes NADPH during the___using electrons supplied by

Answer 42

Light-dependent reaction; water

Question 43

In both photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration, H+ ions are pumped across an inner membrane using active transport to create a concentration gradient during

Answer 43

The electron transport chain

Question 44

Fermentation is used by cells when there is an absence of and is used to produce from

Answer 44

Oxygen; NAD+; NADH

Question 45

Two identical copies of a specific strand of DNA formed during the S-phase and held together by a centromere are:

Answer 45

Sister chromatids

Question 46

In what phase would sister chromatids (not homologs) be arranged along the cell midline during cell division?

Answer 46

Metaphase 1

Question 47

If a plant has a diploid number of 14, how many chromosomes would you expect in one of its gamete?

Answer 47

7

Question 48

Which of the following statement is incorrect for meiosis?

Answer 48

Sister chromatids of a chromosome in metaphase 1 are not identical