Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 322- Anatomy & Physiology Lab > Exam 2/No Quiz- Functional Anatomy of the Urinary System > Flashcards

Exam 2/No Quiz- Functional Anatomy of the Urinary System Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the function of the urinary system?

A
  1. Eliminates water soluble wastes & toxins in the form of urine
  2. Control blood volume/blood pressure
  3. Maintains the electrolyte, acid- base and fluid balances of the blood
  4. Control blood pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

____ kidney is slightly lower than the ____ kidney.

A

Right/Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What enters the renal hilus? Exits:

A

Enters:
1. Renal artery

Exits:

  1. Renal vein
  2. Ureter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which is more abundant, cortical or juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

Cortical nephrons (85%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

capillary bed= network of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the path of filtrate through the nephron.

A
  1. Glomerulus
  2. Bowmans Capsule
  3. Proximal Convoluted Tubule
  4. Descending Loop of Henle
  5. Ascending Loop of Henle
  6. Dista lConvoluted Tubule
  7. Collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the collecting duct lead to?

A

Renal Pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is included within the primary filtrate?

A
  1. Water
  2. Salts
  3. Sugars (Glucose)
  4. Amino acids
  5. Lipids
  6. Small hormone molecules
  7. Urea
  8. Uric acid
  9. Ammonia
  10. Creatinine

EXCEPT: CELLS AND SERUM PROTEINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Of the primary filtrate, what is recovered?

A
  1. Water
  2. Salts
  3. Sugars (Glucose)
  4. Amino acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is not recovered from the primary filtrate?

A
  1. Urea
  2. Some water
  3. Some salts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whatever is not recovered from the primary filtrate, forms what?

A

Urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the lining of the renal tubules.

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the lining of the Bowman’s capsule.

A

Simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pathology of nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis?

A

The small capillaries that filter blood are distorted or compressed by the nodular scarring (sclerosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

For the abnormal constituent, list the associated causes:

Glucose

A

Glycosuria is the condition of glucose in urine. Normally the filtered glucose is reabsorbed by the renal tubules and returned to the blood by carrier molecules. If blood glucose levels exceed renal threshold levels, the untransported glucose will spill over into the urine.***

Non-pathological causes:
1. Excessive intake of sugary foods

Pathological Causes:
1. Diabetes mellitus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is glucose in the urine called?

A

Glycosuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the presence of hemoglobin in the urine?

A

Hemoglobinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the presence of intact erythrocytes (RBC’S) in urine called?

A

Hematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the presence of leukocytes (WBCS) and bacteria in urine called?

A

pyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How much L/day of blood filtrate do the kidneys process? How much is reabsorbed?

A
  1. 180L/day

2. 99%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Basically, the blood filtrate includes everything in the blood except what?

A
  1. Blood cells

2. Large serum proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Urine that exits the kidneys is mostly what?

A
  1. Warer
  2. Urea
  3. Uric Acid
  4. Ammonia
  5. Creatinine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a key way to assess kidney function (GFR)?

A

blood versus urine creatinine levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Are cortical nephrons the long or short nephrons?

A

Short

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Most urine is made with ____ nephrons.
short/cortical
26
Concentrated urine is made with ___ nephrons.
long/juxtamedullary nephrons
27
Reabsorbing vs. Secreting
``` Reabsorbing = putting back into blood Secreting= put into filtrate ```
28
List the functions of the Proximal Convoluted Tubule.
1. Reabsorbs most of the nutrients (amino acids and sugars) both by active and passive transport 2. Reabsorbs water by osmosis 3. Reabsorbs bicarbonate and secretes H+ ions, which regulate pH which affects the breathing rate 4. Reabsorbs K+ (minimally)
29
List the functions of the Descending Loop of Henle.
- Permeable to water - Water moves out of the descending loop of Henle and thus concentrating the filtrate as it enters the ascending loop of Henle
30
List the functions of the Ascending Loop of Henle.
- Not permeable to water, but is permeable to solute. - NaCl exits the ascending limb because it is now higher in solute concentration than in the surrounding tissues, especially deep in the medulla near the bend. NaCl is actively pumped out higher up in the medulla.
31
What does Diuresis mean?
excessive urine
32
In the DCT & Collecting Duct, what does aldosterone do?
Aldosterone influences reabsorption of sodium ions
33
In the DCT DCT & Collecting Duct, what does parathryoid hormone (PTH) do?
Influences reabsorption of calcium ions; regulates pH by absorbing bicarbonate ions and secreting H+ ions.
34
In the DCT DCT & Collecting Duct, what does anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) do?
Influences reabsorption of water by inserting water channels called aquaporins
35
List the functions of the Distal Convoluted Tubule.
1. Salts reabsorbed 2. Water reabsorbed 3. Bicarbonate reabsorbed 4. K+ & H+ secreted
36
List the functions of the Collecting duct.
- Actively transports out NaCl and moves out water by osmosis. - The amount of water reabsorbed from here is under hormonal control - Deeper in the medulla some urea is also reabsorbed from the collecting duct. - This adds to the osmotic gradient that peaks in the inner medulla
37
What structures are involved with the countercurrent multiplier?
1. Loop of Henle | 2. Collecting Duct
38
What is the function of the countercurrent multiplier?
to greatly concentrate the urine
39
The loop of Henle, along with the parallel collecting duct, work together as a _______ ______ to greatly concentrate the urine.
countercurrent multiplier
40
What organ can be considered a/the major homeostatic organ of the body?
Kidney
41
What drains blood from the kidneys?
renal veins
42
What drains the urine from the kidneys into the urinary bladder?
Ureters
43
What drains the bladder?
Urethra
44
What is the trigone?
Triangular region of the bladder which is outlined by 3 openings
45
Is the internal urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary? What muscle is it composed of?
1. Involuntary | 2. Smooth muscle
46
Is the external urethral sphincter voluntary or involuntary? What muscle is it composed of?
1. Voluntary | 2. Skeletal muscle
47
Is the urethra shorter in males or females?
Females
48
What is the opening in which urine flows out of?
External urethral orifice
49
What is the smooth transparent membrane that adheres tightly to the surface of the kidney?
fibrous capsule
50
What is the function of the fibrous capsule?
prevents infections in surrounding areas from spreading to the kidneys
51
The base of the medullary pyramids face what? Apex?
1. Cortex | 2. Pointed region that faces inner kidney
52
Fingerlike extensions of the renal pelvis form what?
calyces
53
What is the function of the calyces?
Collect urine draining continuously from the pyramid tips
54
Ketone bodies in urine is called?
Ketonuria
55
Proteins in urine is called?
Proteinuria/Albuminuria
56
Bile pigments in urine is called?
bilirubinuria
57
What is the arterial blood supply delivered to the kidneys by?
Renal arteries
58
As a renal artery approaches the kidney it breaks up into 5 branches called:
Segmental arteries
59
List the 6 of divisions of the renal artery.
1. Rental artery 2. Segmental artery (5) 3. Lobar arteries (several) 4. Interlobar arteries (which ascend toward the cortex in the renal column areas) 5. Arcuate arteries 6. Cortical radiate arteries 7. Afferent arterioles
60
Describe the path that the blood being drained out of the arteries take. (
1. Cortical radiate veins 2. Arcuate veins 3. Interlobar veins 4. Renal Vein
61
What is different about the renal artery vs renal vein divisions.
There are no lobar or segmental veins
62
What is larger in diameter, afferent or efferent arteriole?
afferent
63
If urine becomes excessively concentrated, some of the solutes begin to precipitate or crystallize forming
kidney stones or renal calculi
64
What are the 2 capillary beds of the kidney?
1. Glomerulus | 2. Peritubular capillary bed
65
What is the glomerulus fed, and drained by?
Afferent/Efferent arterioles
66
The peritubular capillary bed arises from the _____ ____.
1. efferent arteriole
67
What does the peritubular capillary bed empty into?
cortical radiate veins
68
High pressure or Low Pressure: 1. Peritubular capillaries 2. Glomerulus
1. Low pressure | 2. High pressure
69
The glomerulus _____ the filtrate, and the peritubular capillaries _____ most of that filtrate.
1. produces | 2. reabsorb

BIO 322- Anatomy & Physiology Lab (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions