Exam 2 Notes

Question 1

Which statement best describes the traditional ideal of Roman women in child rearing?

Answer 1

women nursed their children and personally took care of them, refusing to delegate maternal duties

Question 2

During the Struggle of the Orders, the plebians’ leverage stemmed from their…….

Answer 2

importance to the army

Question 3

The lives of Cato the Elder and Scipio Aemilianus illustrate……

Answer 3

the changes that resulted from Roman conquests

Question 4

The Second Triumvirate was composed of which three prominent figures?

Answer 4

Octavian, Mark Antony, and Lepidus

Question 5

In demanding the Laws of the Twelve Tables, which goal were the plebians attempting to achieve?

Answer 5

Codification and publication of the law code

Question 6

Which Roman general of the late republic brought his legions across the Rubicon River as a sign of opposition to the Senate and the proconsul Pompey?

Answer 6

Julius Caesar

Question 7

How did Rome draw the rest of the Italian states into a “partnership”?

Answer 7

In return for manpower and taxes, it shared full citizenship with many of its oldest allies and partial citizenship with other states

Question 8

Which factors hindered Hannibal from winning areas near Rome in central Italy?

Answer 8

the loyalty of Rome’s Italian allies

Question 9

Rome’s location provided which advantage?

Answer 9

the Tiber River provided a constant source of water

Question 10

In 494 B.C.E., tribunes were established, who were…….

Answer 10

magistrates elected by the plebeians

Question 11

The Carthaginians responded to Rome’s seziure of Sardinia and Corsica by….

Answer 11

expanding their holdings in Spain

Question 12

Which statement is true about Roman beliefs on slavery?

Answer 12

it was a misfortune the befell some and was a normal outcome of expansion

Question 13

The following quote from Ovid identifies the importance of which special rituals and ceremonies in Roman society? “The spirits of the dead ask for little. They are more grateful for piety than for an expensive gift.”

Answer 13

honoring deceased family members

Question 14

“To them leisure, riches - otherwise desirable - proved to be burdens and torments. So at first money, then desire for power grew great. These things were a sort of cause of all evils.” This quote from Sallust complains about which aspect of Roman development?

Answer 14

the acquisition of an empire

Question 15

In handling legal cases involving both Romans and foreigners, the consuls and praetors developed a body of law in which all sides were to be treated equally known as …….

Answer 15

law of the peoples, or ius gentium

Question 16

Most people in the expanding Roman Republic……

Answer 16

lived in the countryside

Question 17

Under Roman law, women could …..

Answer 17

own property

Question 18

Who did the Romans conquer after they conquered Greece?

Answer 18

Gaul

Question 19

Italy’s geography help explain the Romans’ focus on ……

Answer 19

the Mediterranean

Question 20

What was a problem for Rome as it continued to grow?

Answer 20

larger armies needed to defend the borders

Question 21

Traditionally, the only people who could serve in the Roman army were …..

Answer 21

Roman landowners

Question 22

What statement best describes the Roman attitude toward the manumission of enslaved people?

Answer 22

Manumissions of enslaved people was common, especially for those who provided domestic labor

Question 23

What was the main issue in the Struggle of the Orders?

Answer 23

the plebeians’ efforts to obtain recognitions of their rights

Question 24

Internal water-based transportation for trade and communication Italy was discouraged by …..

Answer 24

dry summers that produced little water for rivers

Question 25

the term latifundia refers to what?

Answer 25

huge agricultural estates

Question 26

How did Rome's military conquests create strains on the military?

Answer 26

Rome's Italian allies had carried much of the burden of fighting but had received fewer rewards from the Roman officers and soldiers

Question 27

What statement best describes the result of the lex Canuleia?

Answer 27

plebeians were allowed to marry patricians

Question 28

In the early republic, the shape of politics was determined by which divisions?

Answer 28

social

Question 29

In times of emergency, the Roman Senate could name somebody to which office to provide centralized decision making?

Answer 29

dictator

Question 30

Historically, which aspect of Sulla's efforts at restoring the republican constitution was most important?

Answer 30

assuming the role of dictator

Question 31

How did Cincinnatus personify the ideal of a Roman citizen?

Answer 31

he placed duty to Rome before any personal considerations

Question 32

Which term identifies the oldest dominant male of a household, who held great power over the family?

Answer 32

Paterfamilias

Question 33

The Forum in Rome played which role?

Answer 33

it was a public meeting place

Question 34

The Laws of the Twelve Tables affected marriage in that they ......

Answer 34

allowed married women to return to their birth families in the event of spousal abuse

Question 35

Who were the Praetorians?

Answer 35

an imperial bodyguard

Question 36

Why was manumission limited by law in Rome and only sparingly practiced?

Answer 36

Manumission brought about citizenship, which might then become less valuable

Question 37

What statement is true of the Roman government under Augustus?

Answer 37

it had the appearance of a republic

Question 38

As a result of their religious beliefs, early Roman Christians differed from their non-Christian counterparts by ......

Answer 38

burying their dead

Question 39

With the loss of territory in Caledonia in 105 C.E., which emperor would build a massive wall from the Irish Sea to the North Sea to protect Roman interests?

Answer 39

Hadrian

Question 40

Which emperor established colonies of Roman military veterans?

Answer 40

Augustus

Question 41

Production and Trade in Imperial Rome, 27 B.C.E. - 180 C.E., illustrates Rome's massive trade routes and roads, a feature that facilitated which movement during the principate?

Answer 41

Christianity

Question 42

In the aftermath of the civil wars that brought him power, Augustus's first and perhaps most important challenge was to

Answer 42

reconstruct the institutions and organs of government

Question 43

What name is given to the series of reflection written by Marcus Aurelius?

Answer 43

Meditations

Question 44

During the Nerva-Antonine dynasty, the Roman army was

Answer 44

a source of economic stability and Romanization

Question 45

Roman poetry and pose during the "golden age" were characterized by

Answer 45

a focus on the joys of a comfortable life

Question 46

Who were the Zealots?

Answer 46

Jews who wanted to expel the Romans from Judaea

Question 47

Which emperor would build a massive wall from the Irish sea to the North sea to protect Roman interests?

Answer 47

Hadrian

Question 48

"Take heed no to be transformed into a Caesar . . . Keep yourself therefore simple, good, pure, grave, unaffected, the friend of justice, religious, kind, affectionate, strong for your proper work." Which emperor gave this advice in his collection Meditations?

Answer 48

Marcus Aurelius

Question 49

Augustus encouraged the cult of Roma'et Augustus

Answer 49

to establish religious bonds between Rome and the provinces

Question 50

16th century Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli described the Nerva-Antonine emperors Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius as the

Answer 50

"five good emperors"

Question 50

Around the first century C.E., which prediction was associated with jewish tradition of militant apocalypticism?

Answer 50

The Messiah would soon return, destroy the Roman legions, and bring happiness and plenty to the Jews

Question 51

The main theme of a Livy's Ab Urbe Condita was

Answer 51

the greatness of the republic

Question 52

What statement was true of Jesus's teachings?

Answer 52

his teachings were based on Hebrew Scriptures

Question 53

Pontius Pilate's main objective was

Answer 53

perserving law and order is Judea

Question 54

After the death of Nero, which Flavian Roman emperor appointed his son Titus to command Roman forces in Judaea to put down a revolt among the Jews?

Answer 54

Vespasian

Question 55

How did Augustus seek to promote childbearing?

Answer 55

free women were released from male guardianship if they gave birth to a certain number of children

Question 56

Which type of enslaved person was most likely to be given freedom?

Answer 56

enslaved people who provided domestic labor

Question 57

What statement best characterizes the relationship between Romans in provincial towns and the people they ruled over?

Answer 57

the romans did not force their culture on local peoples but allowed them to adopt the aspects of Roman culture that they found appealing

Question 58

The Parthians served as a link between Rome and

Answer 58

China

Question 59

In general, the relationship between Christians and Rome was characterized by

Answer 59

phases of toleration, with sporadic outbursts of persecution

Question 60

Which statement was true of the Roman government under Augustus?

Answer 60

it had the appearance of a republic

Question 61

Which emperor established colonies of Roman military veterans?

Answer 61

Augustus

Question 62

Why would a convicted Roman criminal in the late empire decide to become a gladiator rather than work in the imperial times?

Answer 62

gladiatorial combat offered some hope of freedom

Question 63

Before Augustus, the term imperator

Answer 63

was an honorific for a victorious general

Question 64

Why was manumissions limited by law in Rome and only sparingly practiced?

Answer 64

manumission brought about citizenship, which might then become less valuable

Question 65

Which policy was put into place by Augustus?

Answer 65

Adultery was made a crime

Question 66

Which part of the Roman Empire was conquered in 4 C.E. and lost in 9 C.E.?

Answer 66

Germania

Question 67

Following the death of Marcus Aurelius, the empire

Answer 67

entered into a long period of fighting and misrule

Question 68

The most important medical researcher and physician working in imperial Rome was

Answer 68

Galen

Question 69

How did Roman military policy change under the emperors Trajan and Hadrian?

Answer 69

Roman expansion halted, and the army was no longer a conquering force

Question 70

How did Pope Gregory I seek to protect the city of Rome?

Answer 70

he reorganized church lands to increase production and gave the additional food from the land to the poor

Question 71

How was the appropriate penance determined for specific sins?

Answer 71

manuals offered priests guidance on the appropriate penance for sins

Question 72

The early Christian Church benefited from

Answer 72

the administrative skills of church leaders

Question 73

Who wrote The Consolation of Philosophy, one of the most widely read texts of the Middle Ages, which imprisoned by the Ostrogothic state in the former Western Roman Empire?

Answer 73

Boethius

Question 74

According to the Germanic law codes, how did German society generally view women?

Answer 74

women were legally subordinate to their husbands

Question 75

The term barbarian was originally used to designate

Answer 75

people who did not speak Greek

Question 76

How did common people become familiar with Christian ideas as Christianity spread to barbarian people?

Answer 76

through the hymns, prayers, and stories of the lives of Christ and the saints written in monasteries and cathedrals

Question 77

Which advantages did Clovis gain from his conversion to Christianity?

Answer 77

he gained help from bishops in Gaul in his efforts to defeat pagan and Arian tribes

Question 78

Which Byzantine ruler made the practice of the old Roman state religion an act of treason and supported only orthodox Christian doctrine?

Answer 78

Theodosius

Question 79

According to Ambrose of Milan, a well-ordered Christian society depended on the

Answer 79

differentiation of authority between the church and the state

Question 80

Barbarian groups usually

Answer 80

lived in small villages

Question 81

After the Roman imperial capital and the emperor moved to Constantinople, the power of the bishop of Rome grew because

Answer 81

he was the only remaining patriarch in the West

Question 82

The Petrine Doctrine implied the

Answer 82

authority of the bishop of Rome over other bishops

Question 83

What best describes sacraments?

Answer 83

rituals in which God bestows benefits on the believer through grace

Question 84

Which Germanic practice required a perpetrator to pay the victim or the victim's family?

Answer 84

Wergeld

Question 85

Arians believed that

Answer 85

Christ's nature was inferior to God's

Question 86

Diocletian divided each part of the empire into administrative units called

Answer 86

dioceses

Question 87

The 313 Edict of Milan, issued by Constantine

Answer 87

ordered toleration of all religions in the empire

Question 88

Which doctrine held that the spiritual ancestry of all bishops could be traced back to Jesus's first followers?

Answer 88

apostolic succession

Question 89

For barbarian rulers, such as Clovis, Christianity provided

Answer 89

clerical officials chosen by and fully submissive to royal authority

Question 90

What statement best characterizes Byzantine intellectual achievements?

Answer 90

The Byzantines discovered little new outside of military technology, but they did pass on Greco-Roman learning to the Arab world

Question 91

How did the position of tenant farmers change in the late 3rd century?

Answer 91

the barbarian raids forced many tenant farmers to give their land and their rights to move to landlords in exchange for protection

Question 92

In City of God, Saint Augustine stated that

Answer 92

history in the account of God acting in time

Question 93

Scholars have been hampered in investigating barbarian society because

Answer 93

most groups did not write and thus kept no written records

Question 94

In their conversion efforts among the barbarians, the missionaries who traversed Europe between 250 and 600

Answer 94

concentrated on kings and tribal leaders

Question 95

Beyond their religious duties, which function did the druids serve?

Answer 95

the orally passed down laws and traditions

Question 96

As missionaries attempted to spread Christianity throughout barbarian Europe, who were usually their first converts?

Answer 96

female royal family members

Question 97

The Orthodox Church is the title usually given to the

Answer 97

Eastern Christian Church

Question 98

In their earliest forms, the Arthurian legends likely express

Answer 98

Celtic hostility to Anglo-Saxon invaders

Question 99

How did the development of cenobitic monasticism after monastic life?

Answer 99

Cenobitic monasticism emphasized communal living rather than the isolated tradition of the hermits

Question 100

Which statement best characterizes the barbarian groups of Norther Europe?

Answer 100

within the barbarian villages, there were great disparities in wealth and status

Question 101

Which king unified the Frankish people, conquered southern Gaul, and converted to Roman Christianity?

Answer 101

Clovis

Question 102

Which label have historians given to the period of English history from 500 to 1066?

Answer 102

Anglo-Saxon

Question 103

Which term refers to the written alphabet of the barbarian society found in Scandinavia and Britain?

Answer 103

runic alphabet

Question 104

How did the arrival of the Huns affect the Germanic peoples?

Answer 104

The Germanic peoples formed unified groups, and some of these groups allied with the Huns to attack the Byzantine Empire.

Question 105

Bridget of Kildare is remembered for her

Answer 105

efforts in support of Saint Patrick's conversion of Ireland

Question 106

Which advantages did Clovis gain from his conversion to Christianity?

Answer 106

he gained help from bishops in Gaul in his efforts to defeat pagan and Arian tribes