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Histopathology > Exam 2 - Periodontal and Gingival Fiber Ligaments > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Periodontal and Gingival Fiber Ligaments Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What do gingival fiber ligaments do?

A

attach soft tissues to the tooth

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2
Q

What are the main functions of gingival fibers ligaments?

A

1) provide rigidity and density to the marginal gingiva
2) act as a periosteum for the IP crestal alveolar bone
3) provide 1/2 of biological width
4) act as a protective barrier to limit spread of inflammation
5) inhibit apical migration of the junctional epithelium

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3
Q

How much is the biological width?

A

2 mm

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4
Q

What is the biological width?

A

area of junctional epithelium + gingival fiber ligament attached to root of tooth

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5
Q

Where does the biological width extend from?

A

extends 2 mm from the gingival crest to the alveolar crest

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6
Q

What does violation of the biological width result in due to a restoration?

A

results in chronic inflammation and loss of the supporting alveolar bone with formation of a diseased periodontal pocket

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7
Q

Do gingival fiber ligaments insert into bone?

A

NO

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8
Q

____ fiber groups attach the tooth to the gingiva.

A

Dentogingival

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9
Q

____ fiber groups attach the tooth to the periosteum.

A

Dentoperiosteal

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10
Q

____ fiber groups attach the very top of the alveolar crest to the gingiva.

A

Alveologingival

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11
Q

____ fiber groups surround the tooth to keep it from moving back and forth.

A

Circular

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12
Q

____ fiber groups go straight across for mesial-distal stability.

A

Transseptal

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13
Q

____ fiber groups attach one tooth to another by going around facial and lingual surfaces (for buccal-lingual stability).

A

Semicircular

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14
Q

____ fiber groups go between the teeth buccolingually to keep the papilla tight.

A

Transgingival

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15
Q

Which GFL fiber group supports mesial-distal stability?

A

transseptal

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16
Q

Which GFL fiber group supports buccal-lingual stability?

A

semicircular

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17
Q

What are the 5 functions of the periodontal ligament?

A 
Supportive
Regenerative
Nutritional
Sensory
Protective
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18
Q

What is the PDL derived from?

A

ectomesenchymal (neural crest) cells in the intermediate zone of the follicle

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19
Q

What structure is derived from the proximal (inner) zone of the dental follicle?

A

cementoblasts

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20
Q

What structure is derived from the intermediate zone of the dental follicle?

A

PDL

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21
Q

What structure is derived from the peripheral (outer) zone of the dental follicle?

A

alveolar bone

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22
Q

During eruption, the fibers of the PDL are angled ____, contracting to help pull the tooth out.

A

upward

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23
Q

Contraction of PDL + appositional growth = ____?

A

tooth eruption

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24
Q

How do fibers of the PDL form?

A

growth together from opposite ends (from the tooth and the bone)

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25
Do multiple strands of the PDL link together?
YES - the interdigitate
26
Collagen fibers from the PDL are embedded into the ____ of the tooth.
cementum
27
T/F: Plexuses from intermediate collagen fibers in random orientation support the principle fiber groups.
TRUE
28
Where do PDL fiber groups insert?
into bone
29
T/F: The arrangement of the PDL fiber groups resists rotational forces.
TRUE
30
The arrangement of the PDL fiber groups resists ____ forces.
rotational
31
The _____ PDL fiber groups go straight from the alveolar crest up into the tooth.
alveolar crest
32
The ____ PDL fiber groups go straight across to maintain the tooth in an upright position.
horizontal
33
The ____ PDL fiber groups come up at an angle to maintain support against masticatory forces.
oblique
34
The ____ PDL fiber groups wrap around the apex of the tooth.
apical
35
The ____ PDL fiber groups are only located in the furcation of multi-rooted teeth.
interradicular
36
What cell populations are located in the PDL?
``` fibroblasts osteoblasts cementoblasts macrophages undifferentiated mesenchymal cells endothelial cells (in blood vessels) epithelial cells (from gingiva) ```
37
Various phenotypes of ____ are involved in collagen production and physiologic collagen degradation.
fibroblasts
38
____ continuously remodel supporting alveolar bone and regenerate and repair bone following orthodontic therapy or disease.
Osteoblasts
39
____ regenerate and repair cementum following injury and continuously deposit cementum.
Cementoblasts
40
Where are undifferentiated mesenchymal cells found in the PDL?
interstitial spaces
41
____ differentiate into cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts.
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
42
How does orthodontic tooth movement affect the PDL?
compression of PDL on the "leading side" of the root responding to movement
43
____ due to orthodontic tooth movement results in loss of principle fiber orientation and resorption of adjacent bone.
Compression
44
Tooth movement results in ____ of the PDL on the side opposite compression (following side).
tension/stretching
45
Controlled tension results in bone ____.
apposition
46
What is orthodontic relapse caused by?
transseptal fibers semicircular fibers PDL principle fiber groups (rotational, alveolar crest, etc.)
47
What is ankylosis?
fusion of cementum directly to the surrounding alveolar bone (without PDL presence)
48
Ankylosis is a decrease in the ____ space.
interstitial
49
____ is usually a reparative response to PDL injury.
Ankylosis
50
What happens if there is a SEVERE injury to the tooth, alveolar bone, and cementum?
ankylosis
51
What happens if there is a SLIGHT injury to the tooth, alveolar bone, and cementum?
undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the interstitial space have the potential to regenerate all tissues involved to restore PDL
52
What is the first response in wound healing in the PDL?
undifferentiated mesenchymal cells migrate to the area as macrophages and PMNs remove damaged tissue
53
What happens in PDL wound healing after macrophages and PMNs remove the damaged tissue?
fibroblasts and/or osteoblasts replace the damaged tissue
54
What type of response is usually present in PDL wound healing that releases heparin and histamine?
mast cell response
55
What do mast cells release?
histamine and heparin
56
What does heparin do in the PDL wound healing response?
vasodilates
57
What does histamine do in the PDL wound healing response?
thins the blood
58
What is the purpose of the inflammatory response in wound healing?
it makes things more fluid and helps necessary cells reach their targets faster (vasodilation and blood thinning)
59
What is the surgical technique called that regenerates the periodontal attachment apparatus on periodontically involved teeth?
guided tissue regeneration
60
____ uses undifferentiated cells from the interstitial spaces of the PDL and marrow spaces of adjacent alveolar teeth to help heal pockets.
Guided tissue regeneration
61
What does the membrane in guided tissue regeneration exclude?
gingival epithelial tissues from deeper part of wound
62
What is the purpose of the membrane in guided tissue regeneration?
excluded gingival epithelial tissues | allows ONLY cells from existing PDL/bone to fill the wound
63
Epithelial rests of Malassez are remnants of _____.
Hertwig's epithelial sheath
64
Epithelial rests of Malassez are more prevalent in the apical areas of ____.
adolescents
65
_____ may have some effect on cementogenesis but their purpose in unknown.
Epithelial rests of Malassez
66
____ give rise to lateral periodontal cysts.
Epithelial rests of Malassez
67
Lateral periodontal cysts occur where along the root surface?
lateral root surface
68
____ are circular and unilocular on radiographs.
Lateral periodontal cysts
69
How do you know a lateral periodontal cyst is a cyst?
because you can see the PDL straight through it and the PDL is still intact
70
____ give rise to gingival cysts.
Epithelial rests of Serres
71
Epithelial rests of Serres are remnants of the ____.
dental lamina
72
____ are odontogenic epithelium located in the connective tissue of gingiva.
Epithelial rests of Serres
73
What are the excessive functional stresses placed on a tooth by an antagonist that exceeds the limits of physiologic adaptation called?
trauma from occlusion
74
What does trauma from occlusion result in?
resorption of alveolar bone parallel to long axis PDL wider than average width tooth mobility
75
Trauma from occlusion causes resorption of bone ____ to the long axis of the root.
parallel
76
____ results from a tooth with no occlusal antagonist.
Disuse atrophy
77
What does disuse atrophy result in?
significant decrease in density of bony trabeculae decreased width of PDL loss of orientation of PDL principle fibers increased volume of bone marrow spaces
78
Trauma from occlusion results in a PDL that is ___ than average; disuse atrophy results in a PDL that is ___ than average.
wider; narrower

Histopathology (7 decks)

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