Exam 2; Periodontal Indices

Question 1

What two things aid in identification of disease

Answer 1

assessment of inflammation and loss of periodontal tissue support

Question 2

What three things can be combined with initial treatment

Answer 2

recall
periodontal maintenance
referral to periodontist

Question 3

What is the purpose of the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S)

Answer 3

to assess oral cleanliness by estimating the tooth surface covered with debris and/or calculus

Question 4

What are the two components of the OHI-S

Answer 4

simplified debris index

simplified calculus index

Question 5

What are some difficult tooth selection areas

Answer 5

facials of 3, 8, 14, 24

linguals of 19 and 30

Question 6

What are the scores of the OHI

Answer 6

0 = excellent

0. 1-1.2 = good
1. 3-3.0 = fair
2. 1-6.0 = poor

Question 7

This assess the amount of plaque at the gingival margin, examining the same anatomical units as the GI

Answer 7

plaque index

Question 8

What is the range of plaque scores

Answer 8

0-3

Question 9

What is the plaque score of visible plaque

Answer 9

2 or 3

Question 10

What does a plaque score of 0 and 1 mean

Answer 10

0 = no visible plaque
1 = spots of plaque at the cervical margin

Question 11

What does a plaque score of 2 and 3 mean

Answer 11

2 = thin, continuous band of plaque ≤1 mm wide
3 = plaque band > 1mm but <1/3 of crown height

Question 12

What does a plaque score of 4 or 5 mean

Answer 12

4 = plaque covering ≥ 1/3 but < 2/3 crown height
5 = plaque covering ≥ 2/3 crown height

Question 13

This plaque index is biased toward the gingival third and is the most frequently used plaque index in clinical trails; uses a disclosing agent

Answer 13

Quigley-Hein

Question 14

What are the three NIDR calculus indices

Answer 14

0 = calculus is absent
1 = supraginiva calculus, but no sub gingival
2 = supra and sub gingival calculus or subgingival is only present

Question 15

This index determines the quantity of supra gingival calculus; linguals of lower anteriors and is the most frequently used caucus index in longitudinal studies

Answer 15

Volpe-Manhold Index

Question 16

How is the quantity of the Volpe-Manhold Index determined

Answer 16

in mm of calculus along the 2 diagonal and the central lines drawn over the lingual surface of each tooth

Question 17

This index is when the facial surface is divided in 3 scoring units; gingival units affected with gingivitis are counted, presence or absence of inflammation is counted as 1 or 0; severity is considered

Answer 17

papillary-marginal-attachment index

Question 18

What is the gingival index

Answer 18

the severity of inflammation is assessed in 4 distinct gingival areas

Question 19

What are the four distinct gingival areas of the GI

Answer 19

distofacial papilla
facial margin
mesiofacial papilla
lingual gingival margin

Question 20

How do you score the GI

Answer 20

0-3

bleeding is considered and is automatically 2 or more

Question 21

What is the GI useful for

Answer 21

the calculation of prevalence and severity in population and individual

Question 22

What are the 1 and 2 GI indices

Answer 22

slight change in color

little changes in texture

Question 23

What are the 3 and 4 gingival indices

Answer 23

3 = moderation inflammation; glazing, redness, edema, a/o hypertrophy
4 = severe inflammation; marked redness, edema, a/0 hypertrophy, bleeding, congestion, or ulceration

Question 24

This is a valid indicator for periodontal stability, but a poor indicator of periodontal breakdown

Answer 24

bleeding on probing

Question 25

How would you properly measure bleeding on probing

Answer 25

probe is inserted to the bottom on the periodontal pocket. bleeding is observed 15 seconds following retraction of the probe; scored a 1 or 0

Question 26

In the extent and severity index (ESI) what is the agreement, extent, and severity defined as

Answer 26

``` agreement = disease is defined at attachment loss >1mm extent = proportion of tooth sites in patient showing signs of destructive periodontitis severity = amount of attachment loss at diseased site expressed as a mean value ```

Question 27

How would you score the periodontal index system

Answer 27

``` 1-2 = gingivitis 6 = gingivitis with pocket formation 8 = advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function ```

Question 28

How would you score the periodontal disease index system

Answer 28

1, 2, 3 = severity of gingivitis 4 = initial attachment loss 5 = moderate attachement loss (>3mm) 6 = advanced attachment loss (>6mm)

Question 29

This was primarily designed to assess periodontal treatment needs in underserved parts of the world; 10 index teeth are examined and worst finding is recorded per sextant

Answer 29

community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN)

Question 30

What is the purpose of periodontal screening and recording (PSR)

Answer 30

PSR is a rapid and effective way to screen patients for periodontal diseases and summarized necessary information with minimum documentation

Question 31

How do you score the PSR

Answer 31

How deep is the pocket probing depth (can you see colored area or not) 1-4 calculus +/- defective margins +/- BOP +/-

Question 32

What are 5 benefits of PSR

Answer 32

``` early detection speed simplicity cost-effective recording ease risk management ```

Question 33

What are three limitations of PSR

Answer 33

it only detects periodontal disease, does not replace treatment patients who have been treated before require periodic comprehensive exams designed for adults use, not children or adolescents with mixed dentition

Question 34

This feature of gingival indices measures a condition in the same subject repeatedly and obtains the same score results each time

Answer 34

reliability

Question 35

This feature of diagnostic testing uses sensitivity and specificity of various diagnostic tools to create an index

Answer 35

validity

Question 36

This potential problem is when the examiner's general impression of target distorts his/her perception of the target on specific dimensions

Answer 36

halo effect

Question 37

This potential problem is the examiners tendency to be lenient or severe

Answer 37

leniency/severity error

Question 38

This potential problem is the examiners reluctance to rate at all either the positive or negative extreme, so all scores cluster in the middle

Answer 38

central tendency error

Question 39

This is the probability that a test result will be positive when the test is administered to people who actually have the disease in question

Answer 39

sensitivity

Question 40

This is the probability that a test will be negative when administered to people who are free of disease in question

Answer 40

specificity

Question 41

This is the probability of disease in a subject with a positive test result

Answer 41

predictive value positive

Question 42

This is the probability of not having the disease when the test is negative

Answer 42

predictive value negative