Exam 2: Personality Disorders Flashcards

Question

Psychoanalytic Theory of PD

Answer 1

Empathize importance of nurturing from immediate caregivers and loved ones for fostering positive personality traits

Answer 2

Stress influence of genetic transmission combined with environmental exposures for the formation of personality can lead to PD

Answer 3

People acquire personality characteristics through thought and interaction with their environment

Answer 4

There is a risk for problems - like personality disorders

Answer 5

1. Significant impairment in self or interpersonal functions 2. One or more pathological personality trait 3. Impairments are stable over time / across situations 4. Personality traits or trait expressions are not normative for developmental stage or cultural environment 5. Not due to the use of a substance or medical condition

Answer 6

Odd or Eccentric

Answer 7

Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic *High emotion and high charged interactions; lack of consistency in behavior - needs consistent treatment*

Answer 8

Anxious and Fearful

Answer 9

Paranoid PD Schizoid PD Schizotypal PD

Answer 10

Antisocial PD Borderline PD Histrionic PD Narcissistic PD

Answer 11

Cluster A - Odd or Eccentric A pervasive DISTRUST and SUSPICIOUSNESS of others such that others' motives are interpreted as malevolent and Quick to take Offence Do not acknowledge their negative feelings and will Project negative feelings on others while looking for hidden meanings in conversations

Answer 12

Begins by early adulthood and presents in a variety of contexts

Answer 13

Constantly on guard Hypervigilant, guarded, oversensitive to surroundings and interactions Ready for any real or imagined threat, mistrusts, and misinterprets cues Magnifies and distorts environmental cues Trusts NO ONE - has few if any friends Constantly tests the honesty of others DOES NOT LOSE CONTACT WITH REALITY

Answer 14

There is no loss of contact with reality in Paranoid PD

Answer 15

Possible hereditary link Being subject to early parental antagonism and harassment 4.4% of population estimated to have Paranoid PD

Answer 16

Cluster A = Odd or Eccentric Shows indifference to social relationships and is characterized primarily by a profound defect in the ability to form personal relationships Fails to respond to others in a meaningful and emotional way Affect: Flat, cold, unsociable, seclusive demeanor

Answer 17

Indifferent to others and the environment Aloof, withdraws from social events Emotionally cold, flat affect In the presence of others, client at first appears shy anxious or uneasy Inappropriately serious about EVERYTHING and has difficulty acting in a light hearted manner/humor

Answer 18

Possible hereditary factor Childhood characterized as Bleak, Cold, Unemphatic, Notably lacking in nurturing 3.1% estimated general population

Answer 19

Cluster A = Odd or Eccentric Displays an enduring and pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits with extreme discomfort and intolerance for close relationships Can be described as a more serious form of Schizoid PD in a way - but what makes it different is that the thought patterns are disturbed and there are odd behaviors

Answer 20

Schizotypal has thought patterns that are more odd with behaviors and are disturbed

Answer 21

Exhibits bizarre speech patterns Aloof, isolative, inappropriate affect, social anxiety When under stress - may decompensate and demonstrate psychotic symptoms--> less safety issues than schizophrenia but still has safety concerns Everyday world manifests with magical thinking and ideas of reference believing they control things they do not actually control Delusions and Depersonalization

Answer 22

Possible Hereditary Link or other possible physiological influence such as anatomic deficits or neurochemical dysfunctions within certain areas of the brain (dysregulation of dopaminergic pathways) Early family dynamics of indifference, impassivity (void of emotions) Parental patterns of discomfort with personal affection and closeness

Answer 23

There are no EXTREME safety risks in SPD (but that does not mean safety is not a concern)

Answer 24

Dramatic, Emotional, Attention Seeking Behaviors Moods are labile (constantly changing, fluctuating, unstable) and shallow Become involved in intense interpersonal conflicts Antisocial and Narcissistic = more common in men; Borderline and Histrionic more common in women

Answer 25

Cluster B = Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic Aggressive and irresponsible behaviors Superficially charming Lack genuine warmth

Answer 26

In the US: 3% of men, 1% of women 18 +

Answer 27

Conduct Disorder

Answer 28

1. Being socially irresponsible, domestic violence, fighting, stealing, substance abuse 2. Being exploitative and manipulative 3. Having guiltless behavior that reflects a disregard for the rights of others 4. Failure to conform to society laws and norms

Answer 29

Possible genetic influence Sociopathic mother/father Aggressive temperament as a child Parental deprivation during the 1st 5 YEARS OF LIFE History of ADHD or CD during childhood or adolescence Absence of parental discipline or influence, Erratic and inconsistent methods of parenting Extreme poverty Removal from the home Being "rescued" each time they are in trouble - never suffering consequences of their own behavior Maternal/Paternal Deprivation

Answer 30

ADHD and CD

Answer 31

Fails to sustain consistent employment Exploits and manipulates others for personal gain Cold, Callous, intimidating inconsistent work or academic performance failure to conform to societal norms cruel and malicious inability to form lasting monogamous relationships low levels of behavioral inhibitions very difficult to diagnose and treat lack of fear poor decisions making/ lack thereof difficult to diagnose and treat - non compliant and hard to engage

Answer 32

Cluster B = Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic Characterized by a pattern of intense and chaotic relationships with affective instability Have fluctuating and extreme attitudes and moods regarding other people Splitting

Answer 33

Act of viewing life experiences and relationships to extremes of either VERY good or VERY bad Common in BPD

Answer 34

View themselves as victims Highly impulsive Mood swings Depression, anger, anxiety Potential for self mutilation, harming themselves Aggression for attention or numb emotions

Answer 35

Safety - they can impulsively hurt themselves

Answer 36

Possible hx of child abuse, neglect, and separation from caregivers or loved ones Others with psychiatric disorders in the home Genetic - possible hereditary factor Biochemical - some research has shown changes in certain areas of the brain are involved in emotion regulation, impulsivity and aggression - also some brain chemicals that help regulate mood like serotonin may not function properly

Answer 37

Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer 38

Emotionally Unstable

Answer 39

Emotionally unstable Identity disturbances in body image, sexuality, long term goals and careers Extreme affective instability usually lasting a few hours and usually no longer than a day Always seems to be in a state of crisis!!!! - extreme affect, behavior reflects frequent changeability, self destructive behavior present Patients are most strikingly identified by the intensity and instability of affect and behavior

Answer 40

instability and intensity

Answer 41

Usually lasts a few hours, usually no longer than a day

Answer 42

Depression Inability to be alone and attention seeking behaviors Clinging and distancing behaviors Splitting Manipulation

Answer 43

Cluster B = Emotional, Erratic, Dramatic Long standing pattern of excessive emotionally charged interactions and attention seeking behaviors Strives to be the center of attention, speech superficial, lacks detail Seductive, insecure, dependent on approval of others, naive, easily influenced low tolerance to frustration, blame disappointments on others, suppresses feelings r/t past events and lacks insight

Answer 44

Insight (unaware of their behaviors, unlike BPD)

Answer 45

1.8; female

Answer 46

Possible link to noradrenergic and serotonergic systems Possible hereditary factor Learned behavior patterns

Answer 47

Highly distractible Difficulty paying attention to detail Flamboyant in dress and speech - exhibitionistic Easily influenced by others Difficulty forming close relationships: excitable, emotional, colorful, dramatic, manipulative, attention seeking Extroverted in behavior, seductive

Answer 48

Introverted; Extroverted

Answer 49

Cluster B - Dramatic, Emotional, Erratic Lifelong pattern of self centeredness, self absorption, inability to empathize, insensitivity of others, grandiosity, extreme desires for admiration, feeling special and important with rights for special treatment, exaggeration of successes, fragile self esteem, oversensitivity to comments/criticism, envy for others and belief people envy them

Answer 50

6%; male (75%; Women 25%)

Answer 51

Very fragile and quickly is oversensitive to comments to criticism

Answer 52

Tendency to be overpampered and Indulged - Learned to view themselves as special and grow to expect special treatment from others Parents often were narcissistic themselves

Answer 53

Mood can easily change because of fragile self esteem if they do NOT: meet self expectations or receive positive feedback from others Criticism from others may cause them to respond with rage, shame, and humiliation Clients are overly self centered, overly sensitive to what others think, insensitive to others needs, lack empathy Exploit others in an effort to fulfill their own desires Mood, which is often grounded in grandiosity, is usually optimistic, relaxed, cheerful, and care-free

Answer 54

Cluster C = Anxious or Fearful Pattern in early adulthood of social discomfort, timid, fear of rejection and negative feedback Will only form relationships if acceptance is guaranteed, self perception of unattractiveness, inferior, socially inept Avoids social demands, feelings of shame, embarrassment, ridicules trying new things

Answer 55

Avoidant personality disorder involves ALL SOCIAL ACTIVITIES whereas social phobia involves specific situations

Answer 56

2-4% of the general population Equally common in both sexes

Answer 57

Possible hereditary influences Parental rejection and criticism

Answer 58

Awkward and uncomfortable in social situations Easily embarrassed DOES DESIRE CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS but avoids them because of their fear of being rejected Inappropriate displays of anger, dissociative, paranoid ideation, preoccupied being criticized or rejected

Answer 59

Cluster C = Anxious or Fearful Excessive need to be taken care of, pervasive, submissive and clinging behaviors Fears of separation, Difficulty in Making Independent decisions and starting projects, lack trust in their own judgments Helpless, Hopeless, Relationships are based on being cared for - will even stay in abusive relationships

Answer 60

0.5%; youngest child of a family

Answer 61

Possible Hereditary influence Stimulation and nurturance are experienced exclusively from a single source A singular attachment is made by the infant to the exclusion of all others

Answer 62

They have a notable LACK OF SELF CONFIDENCE that is often apparent in their: POSTURE, VOICE, MANNERISMS Typically passive and acquiescent to the desires of others Overly generous and thoughtful, while underplaying their own attractiveness and achievements Assume passive and submissive roles in relationships Avoid positions of responsibility and become anxious when forced into them

Answer 63

Interpersonal Psychotherapy Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy Milieu or Group Therapy (Practice social skills in a safe place) Cognitive Behavioral therapy DBT (Dialectical Behavior Therapy) for BPD Case Management - lots of support in community and for BPD safety issues Psychopharmacology

Answer 64

it dives into behaviors and changes thought processes

Answer 65

Suspiciousness Paranoia Distrustfulness Preoccupation Reluctance or inability to trust Reads into interactions as having hidden agendas Isolative Flat affect Blunted or limited emotional response Limited to no meaningful relationships Detached from activities Socially detached Odd thinking. speech and behaviors Social anxiety Negative self judgments

Answer 66

Solve immediate crisis or problem - since they will not focus on anything else until its solved - and complete social skills training!!! (milieu or group therapy maybe)

Answer 67

Disregards and violates rights and safety of others Failure to conform to social norms Deceitful Erratic work patterns if any Instability in relationships Reckless disregard Irresponsible Aggressive toward self and/or others Manipulative Mood swings Instability of emotions (Labile) Unstable self image Theatrical Exaggerated speech and manners Impulsive Attention seeking Must be center of attention Feelings of emptiness

Answer 68

#1. PREVENT SUICIDE AND HARM Gain insight Improve coping Gain insight into feelings and behaviors and unrealistic expectations and fears

Answer 69

Avoidant of social activities due to fears of criticism, disapproval or rejection Feelings of inadequacies Fear of being shamed or ridiculed in intimate relationships Difficult decision making Inappropriate anger with displays of temper Excessive needs to be taken care of Difficult with expressive disagreements with others Lack of self confidence Lack of initiating projects or relationships Goes to any length to be nurtured and cared for Helplessness and insecure when alone

Answer 70

Enhance social functioning Solve immediate crisis Assertiveness training Cognitive reconstruction

Answer 71

1. When Guarded, Suspicious, Argumentative ==> acknowledge their perception without debate or agreement. Focus attn on treatment and be respectful while maintaining professional distance 2. When aloof or uninvolved ==> demonstrate understanding and respect privacy. Explain rationale for personal questioning and do not push for social interaction 3. When idiosyncratic or eccentric ==> consistent approach addressing complaints and beliefs, do not challenge or reinforce perspectives

Answer 72

1. Demanding ==> SET LIMITS - minimize excessive or realistic demands 2. Dramatic, Emotionally involved, Seductive ==> Supportive attitude, maintain professional boundaries to prevent unprovoked responses 3. Superior Client ==> recognize and support strengths, show interest in opinions, demonstrate competence 4. Sociopath ==> set realistic limits on visits, do not tolerate aggression, develop treatment plan to address aggressive behavior

Answer 73

1. Orderly, Controlled, controlling ==> Clearly state treatment approaches, options, rationales, give as much detail as possible, avoid struggle of who is in charge 2. Anxiously avoidant, clining, dependent ==> Demonstrate patience, empathy to fears, frequent brief encounters, forewarn of any milieu changes 3. Controlling, avoidant, dependent ==> directly address concerns about behaviors, ID underlying feelings about their illness and treatment, avoid being resentful about "acting out" behaviors

Answer 74

SAFETY Trust Protection and Vulnerable Population hygiene and nutrition Communication and social skills Normal communication skills compromised by emotion - appropriate communication skills will be needed for successful relationships

Answer 75

Risk for self or other direct violence Risk for self mutilation Ineffective coping Disturbed thought process Anxiety Fear Impaired social interaction Chronic low self esteem Ineffective therapeutic regimen management Ineffective family coping

Exam 2: Personality Disorders Flashcards

(102 cards)