Exam 2 Pharm

Question 1

11 B-HSD2

Answer 1

inactivates steroids

aka 11B-dehydrogenase

Question 2

11 B-HSD1

Answer 2

activates steroids

aka 11-ketoreductase

Question 3

Glycyrrhizin

Answer 3

↓ activity of 11 B-HSD2
↑ cortisol
↑ Na and water retention, K loss
HTN

Question 4

Duration of short, intermediate, and long acting drugs

Answer 4

8-12 hours
12-36 hours
36-72 hours

Question 5

prednisolone key facts

Answer 5

causes adrenal suppression

duration of activity is longer than pharmacokinetic half life because of gene transcription effects

Question 6

Mifepristone

Answer 6

abortion drug, causes vaginal bleeding

occasionally used in cushings

Question 7

Fludrocortisone

Answer 7

adrenal insufficiency

long duration of action

Question 8

spironolacton

Answer 8

aldosterone antagonist
slow onset and offset
causes hyperkalemia, gynecomastia

Question 9

eplerenone

Answer 9

aldosterone antagonist

used for HTN

Question 10

Ketaconazole

Answer 10

inhibits mammalian steroid hormone synthesis, and fungal ergosterol synthesis
drug-drug CYP450 interaction

Question 11

TR alpha and beta

Answer 11

thyroid receptor

Question 12

propanolol and thyroid

Answer 12

reduces HR and tremor during Thyroid storm

inhibits T4 → T3, the more active version

Question 13

Methimazole

Answer 13

Anti-thyroid drug, treats hyperthyroidism,
blocks iodide organification
toxicity can cause agranulocytosis

Question 14

Cholestyramine

Answer 14

Drug-drug interaction with levothyroxine

blocks levothyroxine absorption

Question 15

Radioactive iodine treatment contraindication

Answer 15

pregnancy

Question 16

Atenolol

Answer 16

beta blocker, which are used for thyroid storm and grave’s disease

Question 17

Aspart

Answer 17

rapid acting insulin

Question 18

lispro

Answer 18

rapid acting insulin

Question 19

glulisine

Answer 19

rapid acting insulin

Question 20

Short acting insulin

Answer 20

regular insulin

Question 21

NPH

Answer 21

intermediate acting insulin

Question 22

detemir

Answer 22

long acting insulin

Question 23

glargine

Answer 23

long acting insulin

Question 24

Pramlintide

Answer 24

amylin analogue
enhances insulin sensitivity
inhibits glucagon secretion
causes satiety
decreases gastric emptying

very similar to incretins

Question 25

Exenatide

Answer 25

GLP-1 agonist

Question 26

Liraglutide

Answer 26

GLP-1 agonist

Question 27

-gliptins

Answer 27

DPP-4 inhibitors, | ↑ GLP-1 levels

Question 28

Metformin

Answer 28

activates AMP-dependent protein kinase | which has similar effects as insulin

Question 29

-glitazone

Answer 29

thiazolidinedione | bind to PPARy which increases GLUT4 channels

Question 30

-gliflozin

Answer 30

SGLT2 cotransporter inhibitor Prevents reabsoprtion of glucose which ↑ urine excretion of glucose

Question 31

Acarbose

Answer 31

inhibits α-glycosidase | decreases absorption of starches and disaccarhides, lowering post-prandial hyperglycemia

Question 32

Miglitol

Answer 32

inhibits α-glycosidase | decreases absorption of starches and disaccarhides, lowering post-prandial hyperglycemia